IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1^  ilM 
1^  IlM 

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I.I 


1.8 


1.25      1.4      1.6 

■* 6"     

► 

Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


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V 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

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.N  i 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiq 


ues 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/IMotes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
tho  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6x6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


D 
D 
D 

I? 
D 

D 

D 

D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag6e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pelliculde 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  litre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 


n 


D 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6td  filmdes. 


n 
n 

D 
D 
D 
D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag6es 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur6es  et/ou  pellicul^es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pagds  ddcolordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqu^es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  mat6riel  suppl6mentaire 


D 
D 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film6es  6  nouveau  de  fapon  6 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires: 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  ^X 


26X 


30X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


28X 


32X 


aire 
details 
ues  du 
t  modifier 
ger  une 
I  filmage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grdce  &  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6X6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  I  exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


1/ 
u6es 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  filmds  en  commengant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  fllmds  en  commenpant  par  la 
pramidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernldre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  la  symbole  — ^signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signlfie  "FIN". 


■lire 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corn^'-,  left  to 
right  end  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
fllmds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  filmd  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


by  errata 
ned  to 

ent 

une  pelure, 

fapon  d 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

/ 


I 


KARLY    CHAPTERS 


1/r 


OK 


SENECA    HISTORY: 


JKSUIT  MISSIONS  IX  SOXNOXTOr.W, 


6  5  f)  -  1  6  S  4 , 


liV  CHARLKS   H.\WIJ':V.  I).  1).. 

Author  tif  "  K:n-lv  Cluiptcrs  of  Cnyuj;''    Hi'ilory.'"  Ai'..  *'■.  :inil    I'r''<i'li-nl  ..f  iIk- 
Cayny.i  Couiily   IIi■^ll>ri(■:ll  Sucii'ty. 


Rt'piiiitfd  from  Colli'itioin  of  C.  C.  II.  S.,  A'o.  3. 


A  U  1!  i;  R  N,  \.  V. 

KNAl'l',  I'F.CK  >V   IHO.MSON,  HOOK   AND    |()ll  I'KINTKRS. 

1SS4. 


WALWORT 


^      ~[      }sCa.na.nd«.igp-uA  J 

0 

T 
O 


I 


I'K  K  K  ACK. 

The  nlaii  (if  till'  in'csiMit  work  is  simihir  to  tliiit  nf  the 
h'lifhi  ('lid fill  i-<  nf  ('ii//iii/it  llisliirii.  issued  in  isy.t,  as  tlic  first 
(if  a  sci'ics  inti'tnli'd  to  include  a  eoiuplete  aecduiit  ol  tlie 
uiissioiiar.'  labors  of  tin' I'Vcieli  .lesuit  Kat.liers,  in  tlie  several 
lro(|Uois  eautciis,  in  the  last  half  of  tlie  seventeenth  century, 
it  has  the  same  distiiftive  feature,  in  the  use  made  of  the 
Relations  for  the  iinrposes  of  local  historv,  which  lielon,tiS  to 
the  previous  pulilieation.  Thest'  reeop'is  of  two  eentui'ies  auo, 
are  allowed  to  tell  their  own  storv  of  devotion  and  liei'oisin. 
while  tliev  also  serve  a  most  trustworthy  jiuide  to  the  re- 
searches of  the  anti(inai'ian,  to|lo^■|■allher,  and  ioeal  historian, 
as  will  lie  seen  in  the  notes  to  the  translations  in  the  t<'Xt, 
and  the  aecomiianyini;-  map. 

The  wi'iler  woidd  aeknowled,u'e  his  indehtediiess,  as  in  the 
prei>aralion  of  the  Ctiyu^a  Chapters,  to  Dr.  .lohn  (iilmaiT 
Sliea,  author  of  C'dl/mlir  Mif<siiiiis  Ainnni/  lln'  Inilinii  'I'li/n-s  n/ 
till'  II.  M,  (and  kindred  volumes  illusti'atin,u'  the  early  histoiw 
of  theeountrv.)  for  his  c'oiinsel  and  aid,  which  has  lieen  of 
service  in  various  jiartienlars.  'I'he  introductory  chainer. 
which  na..ates  the  lirst  missionaiw  visit  lo  the  ln(hans 
within  the  present  limits  of  the  statt'  of  New  York,  and 
chapter  \' II 1  which  concliuU's  the  history  of  the  S"iieca  Mis- 
sion,  were    furnished    l>v    him.    while    the    traiishition.-;    that 


•  •niniv.sr  iIh-  ImhIv  of  tin'  w^>fk.  w.MV  -;iilimitt(Ml  to  his  ciiivl'iil 
ivvisioii.  It  als(.  -ivrs  iiic  plcasmv  to  diivrt  alt.'iitiuii  to  tlic 
,„.1cs  .nutnlxitr.l  l,\  <  Icii.  .Inlii,  S.  Chirk.  ..f  Aul. urn.  over 
his  own  initials,  !is..f  spcrial  value  Th.-y  aiv  the  result  uf 
much  study  and  n's<'arcli.  aud  s..  far  as  thc.v  relate  to  Indian 
villa<^'t'  sites,  i)f  repeatoi  iiersunal  inspection  of  the  several 
localities,  until  entire  satisfaction  has  Keen  reached.  It  is 
hardly  possible  to  aiiprcciatc  the  patient  lalior  insi-ired  l.y  the 
true  historic  spirit,  recpiireil  to  attain  accuracy  in  thisdepart- 
ineiil  of  study. 

AnuKN,  N.  v..  .Inly.  ISM. 


C.  II. 


IS  <'iirciiil 

illll  til  llic 
ilini,  (i\cr 
'  result  of 

to  Indian 
K'  several 
lul.  It  is 
■ed  l.v  the 

lis  (lepart- 
('.  II. 


iiustiit  ;i>Hi«.sinn.s  ^5u'">i))  ll»''  «Si'iM'iii.s. 


Tilt.'  earliest  alteiii|il  at  missicin  \vi>rk  in  \V. •stern  New 
yiH-\<  was  that  nf  the  I'Vaneisean  Fatin'r  .l(ise|pli  ile  i;i  Koehe 
l>aillc>n,  a  /ealiMi<  man  who  thoMLrh  of  hiuh  I'aiik,  helotiLrinii 
to  the  faniilv  o|'  the  |)nl<es  du  laid,  devoted  hiinsell'  to  the 
American  missions  wilii  all  their  hardships  and  |iri\ations. 

Sa>.'ard  |preserve<  the  |'ollo\vin,ii  letter  of  this  elerL^vman 
addressed  to  a  IVii'nd  at  AnLi'ers  in  I'Vanee,  uivin^:  an  aeeouiit 
of  his  \i>it  to  the  Neuter  nation  in  Iti'Jt;  7.  It  nroperlv 
hirms  a  |ireliiniiiary  ehM|iter  of  tlie  ]i|-(;senl  series,  since  after 
the  o\erthrovv  of  tiie  Neuters  hy  the  Irocjiiois  in  ICiott,  their 
territors  was  incorporated  in  the  Seneca  canton  and  one  of 
the  |iiinciple  villajjes.  ( iandoiiLrare,  was  at  the  time  of  the 
missionary  lahors  of  tlie  Jesuit  Kalliers  iinioiiL:'  llie  Seiiecas. 
composed  laruvly  of  ea[)tives  from  the  coiKpiered  nation.  In 
|lie  wars  between  the  livxpiois  jiiid  the  Ilurons,  which  resulted 
in  the  ilcsti-iietion  of  tin-  latter,  in  llil'.l,  the  Neuters  took 
part  with  neithei':  and  it  was  their  neutral  position  tliat,j:ave 
tln'iii  their  name. 


N.\|{I!AII\K   UF    lATIllOIi    DK    I, A     UOCill-:    liAII,l.(iN.' 

"Slit:— My  hiimlih,' salutiUioii   in  the  mercy  of  Jesus.      It 
is  still  permitteil  thoULih    separated  by  distance  to  visit  one's 


1  TrmiKlnU'ii  by  Dr.  Joliii  (iilniary  Shi-a  as  the  iiitroiliiilory  iliapler  of  tlir  present 
work.  Till!  note!*,  ti);,'i'Uu'r  with  tin;  Hkctcli  of  llriil.;  vliicli  follows  the  iiarriinvc,  aiu 
ulsio  from  lii.i  pell,  excejit  as  otluTwUs  iiiili<'ateil. 


10 


f,,,,.ls    l.V    U.i-MV.-S     .hi.'h     -Vl.l.T    :il-M,l     tuT^nn.     piVS.-Ut 


tlllll    \Vi'  «i|'lcll    Wl'lll' 

tli;il    I'V 


Onr  luMii.n-iiivnMnn.slM'ili.t  tins  -'''■in 

, „•  Ki.tlHTs   aim  ;in-  :it    a  .li-t.,,..  fr-n,  us.  inn 

..„,l..nr,stlM'vl.':n- rllMuJ,t.:n..l.s.M,wlMt  llu's.  v.tv 

■      M-,„,  l,nv.n.  u.:nl,..mH.M:,v    .r  , v^'mI    in  (  .n:..iM 

,.•,,!,....    I    w:.    iu,lu i    1.     ivU.M,.    nupnU.    .;•   v,Mt        . 

;,;::..„.n,.v .......  wi ■.  .•an  n--  =-'  --  -• 

,,nv...l,l,..n..unhnll,l.'l.anUhM,...:..lM„..   .a, n,v,    .  . 

,v:.s..u   .!■  'la'   wn.„.la.l    n.a,l.  I    r |v,.,l   a     Myr  .>-n 

;     .1     ia/.. n-a..,lna.    „.    ,a.h   ..M'n.la.,.   „.  a   nanon 

,.,,,,,,,,,„   N.ntn.l,  uf  xvha.lMla.   n,,,.,v-t.a.nn,l-'  tol. 
..U-r<       Ku-..nra^.a  l.y   s.   , 1  a   Ka.laT  au,l  tlu-  pva 

..,  out  tVouMla.  llun.ns  wUlMlMs  .k.s,,n.  (),.  nl,,.,  S,  H.-i.. 
:!„.  o,„.  uauu.,1  «in.u..ll..  a,„l  La  Vall.v.  !•  naa.hnu.,,  bv 
nalii'U.' 


.....na^l.vlhrnara.u^.l'tlM.iVtun.     1  nual.  tl,..  ar,,uaint. 


iualc  uj 


.1...   ,.n.nHS,.M   ua.  ,o  .u„.-   „.  l.  .ha,    VnUcr  ua  .on.     n. 

.;.vis,ons,ha,,w..haaiaiau,,,to.-i,iss..ll..l. ,1  ,o  ,lnnk  . 

living  in   ,lu.s,.  nananes  as    ua.naa.au.s.  tla's.   i^opl,.  ia-vu 

,    .w..   Have   no   Uno.M.Ju'..  O  ,,^'^,        .,,.  „  ,(„,„.,  ,„illo„.  HoolU.c., 

,,,„,.„>.>.  tU.  «o.,K.l,  -xcpt       •  ■  ;^^^  „,,,      ^^,„,  ,„..  ,i,„.,r,„..r..."      H-l.i.i.m 

„.hoin,«aa  r'""rrH^a  I  Nc^.  '^'  —  '»""  -les  ,1,..  Niagara,  a.  la.,  as 
1H41.  ,.,  T4.     It  .«  .;v>.U.m  .  >         •;  ^   •  ■  .,„„„  „„„„  „„,  „„„„  forced  away 

"y  ..- S>..u.n.s.  »":;',_'■'  ::^,;  ,f  ..unona.a..o„  wIk...  Ka-lwr  ..e  la  Uoelu.  win- 
'"  ''^'^irTennr  .  IC  .  ,.L  In.,,.n-  fn-M,!..,-,  .l,e  presuinptio,,  is  very  .Ton. 
,  ,.re.l  to  the  W  enr..>,  « li"  « i'  vj,,,,,,,,,  anil  in  wlnit  is  now  New  ^  ork. 


n 

tlllllkill'4  III  ;jivr  lllilc.-.-    \iill    |Mlt     tlli'lii    lllnlcr  nlili;j;ili(UI,  illnl 

it    1-  nfti'ii    m'i'i'>siiry    to    iiiiikc    l'iii</   stiiucs   :iii>l   i'M'm    piis?. 
lii;iii\    iiii^lits  svilliiiiit    riiidiiiL^   any   nilicr  >Iii'1|ct  I  !i;iii  llial  i>l' 

till' .-tais.       111'  I'llllilluil  t ir  Siitislai'tmii  what  In'  liail  [iKHii 

i.Hi'il  ii-i,  aipl  wr  sli'pt  milv  livi'  iii'j'lit.-'  in  lln'  womls,  ami  <iii 
tlii'>i\lli  'la\  \\<'  aiTiN'nl  at  llif  lifsl  xilla'ji',  wlirrr  wcwriv 
vcrv  well  fi«cci\cil.  tliaiiks  to  <>\\r  I-"ii|,  ami  then  \i<  Iniii- 
nllicr  \illa'j>'-  wliii'li  riiiii|M'tiiiL;  with  cai'li  otlicr  ln'mi'jlit,  us 
I'.hmI.  ,-iiiM('  \ciii<'iii.  dtliiTs  si|Ua.-lics,  iu'iiitalii>ii\ '  ami  tlif 
lic-t  tlii'\  iia^l,  aii'l  ,Im'V  wrrc  astoiiislicil  to  sec  iiic  ilfcsscd  in 
the  st  vie  aii'l  that  1  ih'sii'cil  iic  it  him:  1  n'li  ni'j  inu  tn  tliciii.  i>iil\ 
that  1  iii\iti'i|  thiMii  liv  siuiis  In  raise  their  eyes  to  IleaNcu. 
ami  make  the  >i;jii  of  the  Holy  (Vns.s  and  what  tilled  thein 
with  wonder  was  to  see  lue  retire  at  certain  hours  of  the  (la\ 
to  pi'iiv  to  (iod,  and  ilexnte  myself  to  inteiior  exercises,  for 
the\-  had  never  seen  relijiioUS.  e.\ce|it  towarU>  the  l'etunen\ 
and  llic  llufons.  their  neiiihliors. 

At  last  we  reached  the  sixth  villacc,'  where  1  had  ln'cn 
ailvi,-ed  to  remain  ;  1  had  ti  couiicil  held  here,  where  vou 
wdl  remark,  liy  the  way,  that  they  call  all  their  asseinhlies 
councils,  which  t  liev  hold  seated  on  the  ui'ound,  as  olten  as  it 
])leas(;s  their  ehiets,  not  in  a  hall,  Imt  in  a  cal)in,  or  in  the 
open  Held,  with  vi-ry  strict  silence  as  loiiL:-asthe  chief  speaks, 
and  thev  are  inviolable  ol),~ervers  of  what  they  have  once 
(•onclndcd  and  dctcrniine  1. 

'J'liero  I  told  them  thron;_rli  the  iisterpreter  that  I  liiul  eoine 
in  the  name  of  the  I'Vcncli,  to  form  alliance  and  frietiilship 
with  tliein,  and   to  invite  theiu  to  come  to  the   trade,  that   I 


I  Si:.'ai(l  ill  lii>  llnniii  clii  liuiKiry  cNiilMiii-  IhU  lo  he  ihhcIhcI  riini. 

;  111-  calls  lliis  MitiM'iiiicnny  OiiiiiiiitiKiiKliiii.  In  lliin  Failur  Itri'limf  rail.-  Ilic  \illin.'c 
fuillii'>l  IriHii  I  lie  llmuii^',  ainl  only  iiiicday'H  joniiu  y  fnnii  I  lie  Snifciis,  '■llic  la-ttdwnof 
till' Ni'iiU'i-  imliuM  (111  llii'  caul  side,  callol  Oiii;iiiiialira,  the  wniic  iiiinic  iib  the  river." 
liclallmi  Hill,  )i,  *.'.  Tlic  town  iiciirci't  llic  ll'uons  \va^  Kiimloni  ho.  II).  Tcoliij,'iiiloii 
wax  inidivay.  II).  |).  'H.  Hrclimrancl  ('liiinniiniot  vii-itcd  is  of  ihcNcnlcr  Iowiik  aiul 
apparently  itosmciI  the  Niii^jara.  p.  7M.  as  Fattier  de  la  Uodii-  Daillon  did.  I'nrorliiiiiitely 
t'lianiplaiii  niciilioii-  im  Ni-ntcr  Nllliii:e  in  liis  icM  or  iiuip. 


12 


als..lKM-<Ml  th'/in  t..  iMTiiiit  HI.'  lo  rriuain  in  tlicir  ccmitry,  in 

ihc  'iiw  (if  oiu-  (lod.  wliich 
'I'licv   iU'ccpteil    nil 


order  to  l.i-;il)lt' to  iiistruet  tlu'iii  in 
is  the  onlv   means  of  -'oin,-  to    IK-iveii. 
u.v  oilers.'  and  assured  n.e  tliey    were  veiT   i.leasin-  to  iIhmu, 
c.msoled  l.v  wl.icli.  I  made  them  a  |ires.ml  of  ilie  little  1  had, 
;,s  littK'  knives  and  .,ther  tulles,  vvhieh  they  este.-m  at  a  hiuli 
,,,i,v,   for  ill  these  .Mmntries  y.ni  never  treat  of  aiivUim,-  with 
Ihe  Indians   witlioul  makin-  them  presents  of  ...miethin-  or 
other,  ana  in  return  they  l.e.uo,  me  (as  they  say)  that  is.  tliev 
deelared  me  a  eiti/en  and  a  ehild  of  the  .-ountiy  ,  and  -ave  me 
in  char-e(a  mark  of  ureal  alTeetion)  to  Sonharissen,  who  was 
„,y  fath..  and  mv  host,  for  aeeonlin-  to  age,  they  are  aeens- 
tomed  to  eall   us  eousm.  hrother.  s.m.  uiu-le  or  nephew,  .S;e. 
This  one   is  the  chief  of   the  greatest  .'reait  and  authority, 
who  has  ever  been   in  all    the    nati<u,,<.  for   he  is  ehief  not  oi 
his  villau-e  onlv.  luii  of  all  those  <.r  his  nation,  t,)  the  number 
of  twenty-ei-ht.  ineludin-  towns,   .'ities,  aii.l   villages,   l.mlt 
like  those  of  the  llun.n  eountry,  as   well  as  of  s.weral  little 
hiunlets  of  seven    or   eight  ealnn..    built    in    various  places, 
eonvenient  for  lishing.  hunting  or  cultivating  the  ground. 
This  is  without  exami.le  among   the  other  nations  to  h  vc 
ihsolulea   Chief,      lie  ae.piired  this  honor  and  power  by 
his  eouraue.  and  for  having  several  times  gone  to  war  against 
liie  seventeen   nations   who  are   their  enemies  ana   brouglit 
back  heads,  or  brought  in  prisoners  from  all. 

'  Th.ose  who  are  valiant  in   this  style  are  highly  esteemed 

amoii''  them.      And  tliougli  they  have  only  the  war  club  and 

tho  bow,  vet  they  are  v^'iy  war  like,  and  dexterous  in  these 

After  all  this  friendly   welcome,  our  Krenehmeii  hav- 

irretunied.   I   runiaine.l,   the   happiest  man  in  tlie  world. 

h,min"-   to  advance   something  there  for  God's  glory   or  at 

least  t"^  discover  the  nutans,  which  would   be  no  small  thing, 

:,„d  to  endeavor  to   learn   the   mouth  of  the  river  of  the  Iro- 

([uois  in  order  to  conduct  them  to  the  trade. 


so 


ill 


1.*^ 


iiiiitrv,  III 
ihI.  wliicli 
cpH'il   nil 
It.  llu'in, 
lie  1  liad, 
i!t  a  liiuli 
hiii;_^  svitli 
I'tliin,^'  'ir 
lit  is.  they 
1  L^avc  tiu' 
,  \v!iii  was 
arc  ai'ciis- 
phew,  "l^i'. 
autlioiily, 
llil'l'  not  of 
lie  iuiiii1h.t 
iges,   Imilt 
voral  littlf 
Ills  places, 
jjroiiiul. 
)us  l<)  li   \  e 
1  power  liy 
Aiii'  against, 
III    l)roUL;lit, 

y  esteemed 
ar  dull  anil 
MIS  in  these 
ehrnen  hav- 
tlie  world, 
glory  or  at 
small  thing, 
r  of  the  Iro- 


I  have  also  ihiiK'  my  hest  'o  ii'arn  thcii-cii  >ms  and  mode 
"I'  I'l'''.  ;iiid  dm-ing  my  stay  I  visih'd  them  in  their  cal.ins,  to 
know  aii.i  instrm't  them,  and  I  joimd  thcni  snllicirntlv 
'i''i'-':i''l'".  ••md  1  often  iii;,,l,.  the  little  childivn.  who  aiv  verv 
liriL:'.:'  .'.ai'ls  naked  and  dislieveled,  make  the  sign  of  the 
IIolv  Cross,  and  I  reninrkrd  th;it  in  all  these  ( (.iintries  1  never 
saw  aiiv  liiimphaeked.  onr-eveil,  nr  mi'^shapcMi. 

I  have  always  seen  them  linn  ii.  their  wish  to  o-o  with  at 
least  h)iir<'an<Mstothe  trade,  if  |  would  guide  them  :  the  whole 
diliienlty  w.-is  that  we  did  not  know  the  way.  Vrotpiet,  an 
Indian  known  in  these  cnintries.  who  had  eome  ihrre  with 
twentv  of  his  people  t,,  hunt  Lravei',  and  who  to,,l<  at  least 
live  himdred.  was  never  willing  to  give  ns  any  inai'k  to  know 
the  month  of  the  river.  IIi'  and  several  llnrons  assured  ns 
lirmlv  that  it  was  only  ten  days'  ,<ail  to  the  plaee  ,<i  trade,  hnt 
we  wei-e  afraid  of  tid<ing  one  I'iver  hir  another,  and  losinti' 
our  way  or  dying  of  starvation  in  the  land. 

For  I  hive  months  1  had  every  re;i.-,,M  in  the  worM  to  he 
s.atisheil  witii  my  peojile.  j?iit  the  Ilnions  liaxing  discovered 
th.at  1  talked  of  taking  tliein  to  the  trade,  spread  tliroiiuii  all 
the  village  where  they  parsed,  very  evil  MUPors  .ahoiit  me. 
that  I  was  a  great  magician  :  tli.at  I  had  disea-ed  the  air  in 
their.'i.iintry  and  poisoncl  sevenil  :  ih.at  if  they  did  not  soon 
make  way  with  me  tliat  I  would  set  III-.' to  their  villaecs,  and 
make  all  their  children  die;  in  line,  that  I  w;is.  as  thev  rep- 
resented, an  .  I /-/An; //('—this  is  their  word  to  sigiiifv  one  wdio 
malci's  sorcerie.-;.  wdiich  they  hold  in  tin- giva^est  lioi'ror  :  and, 
hy  the  way.  know  that  there  are  many  sorcerers  who  under- 
tak-e  til  cure  the  sick  hy  mummeries  and  other  hincie.s.' 

In  tine,  these  llnrons  ha\e  iiKvays  told  them  so  iimeli  e\-il 
of  the  JM-eiich  tlia.t  tlu'v  could  imagine,  in  order  to  divert 
them  from  trading  with  ii.s  that  the  Kreiicli  were  iiiapproach- 

I  When  111,.  .1, ■suits  Hri'Lcur  and  ChuiunoiK.:  .ulcinplcl  ii  inissiiiii  .•iiiicni;  llic  Niutcrs 
ill  111  III,  the  s:iiiH.  iiii-iis.'i'ioMs  «,.,•,.  nia.lc  iiifiiiiist  Uiciii  liy  Iliirdiis.     i;,.|,itioii  lti)|,  p.  7:,. 


14 


iil)l(',  liiirsii,  sad  ami  iiu'liinrlioly  mm.  wlio  liv(>  on  notnui:.' 
l,ut  snakrs  aiul  poison;  that  wv  eat  tlie  thnndi'r'  (wlii.-l, 
tlu'V  imauiiH-  to  be  an  uupurallflcMl  iiioiistor,  rolatiii.u-  stiaii-v 
storu-s  about  it);  that  we  all  had  tails  likr  animals,  and 
that  oiii'  women  had  oidy  one  breast,  which  was  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  bosom:  that  they  l)ore  live  or  six  children  at  ii 
birth,  and  tliev  added  a  tlioiisand  other   absurdities  to  make 

us  hated  by  them. 

And    in  fact    these  u'ood   iieople  who  are   very  easily  per- 
sanded,  conceived  such  a  mistrust  of  me,  as  soon  as  any  one 
fell  sick,  they  eame  to  ask  me  whether  it  was  not  true  that  1 
liad  poisoned   him.  that  they  would  surely  kill  me  if   1  did 
not  cure  him.      1  had  much  dillicidty  inexcusin„  and  defend- 
ing myseli.      At  last  ten   men  oi  the  last  village  called  Oua- 
romnon;-'   one  day's  march  from  the  llinxpiois,  their  kindre.l 
and  friends,  coming  to  trade   in  our   village,  eame   to  see  me 
and  invited  me  to  visit  them  in  return  at  their  village.      1 
pi-omiscd  todo  so  without  hiii,  when  the  .-.now  had  melted,  and 
to  -ive  them  all  .«'me   triHes,  with  whi.di  tliey  showed  them, 
selves  satislicd.      'riiereui.on    they    left    th(>    cabin   where   I 
lodged,  all  the  time  hiding  their  evil  designs  against  me.  and 
.seeing  that  it  was   growing  late,  tliey   came   back  to  sir  me, 
and  brusquely   began  to  .piarrel    with   me,  without  provoca- 
tion.    One  knocked  me  down  with  a  blow  of  his  list,  and  the 
,,lln"r  took  an  axo.  and  as  he  was  about  to  lay  iny  head  open, 
(iod  diverted  his  hand  and  turned  the  blow  on  a  post  that  was 
tliere  near  me.     1  receivcil  several  other  ill  treatments,  but  tiiat 
is  what  we  come  to  seek  in  the.se  countries,      (^lietiiiga  httle. 


1" 

tlun-  v.Mitcil  tJifii-  ;iiil;'('|-  Oil   the  little  |)r(i|)crtv   we  lnul   j.'lt. 

'riit'V  took  (Mil-  \vi'iliii'j.lc-;k,  hlankfl,  lircviafv  ami ■  \k\j  in 

which  there  svei-e  soliic  poi'ket-kui Ves.  lieclli.s.  ;i\v!<.  ;iii,l 
other  little  thiiiLix  of  lik'e  (|iialit\,  and  ha\  iiiu  thns  stri|.|ie.l 
me,  they  went  nil'  all  tiiat  iiiniit  u\-e|-j,)veii  at  theii'  <'\[il..it. 
and  on  ai-rivin.i:-  al  their  villaiic,  on  inakin.i!'  an  exaniiiialion 
ol  the'ir  hooty,  toiieheil  perhaps  liy  a  repentance  come  fiMm  the 
Most,  liiuh,  they  sent,  me  hack  uiir  hreviars'.  cumpass,  writinu- 
tiesk,  lilanketand  sack,  liiit,  it  was  (piite  emptv. 

On  theii- arrival  in  my  villau;e,  called  ( (iimaitisastoii,  there 
were  unlv  women  there,  the  men  having-  ljoiic  to  hunt  stasis. 
On  their  retnrii  they  manifested  to  me  tliat  thev  were  sorrv 
lor  liie  disaster  that  had  het'allen  me,  then  no  more  was 
said  alioiit  it. 

The  rumor  s[)read  forthwith  to  the  Hnroiis,  that  I  hail 
been  killed,  whereupon  the  good  Fathers  lirelieiif  and  de 
None,  who  had  r('inaine<l  ihei-e,  sent  (ireiiolje  promptlv  t^  me 
to  learn  the  truth,  with  orders  that  if  1  were  .■iliscto  liriiiLi  me 
back,  to  which  I  was  invited  al.so  by  th(!  h'tter  which  tlav 
had  written  me  with  the  p(Mi  of  their  j^ood  will,  and  !  ilid  not 
wish  to  Liain.say  tlu'in,  since  such  was  their  ;i-lvice  and  that 
of  all  the  French,  who   feared  more  di.sastei's    than  pruiii  'hv 

my  death,  ami  thns  returned  1  to  the  countrv  of •  Huroiis, 

wliero  I  am  at  jiresent  all  admiriuL;  the  divine  cU'ects  nf 
Heaven. 

'J^Ih!  country  of  tliis  Xeiiter  nation  is  incoinparabl  v  .uroater, 
tiller  and  better  than  any  other  of  all  these  countries.'       There 


1  "There  is  also  two  days'  JDiirney  from  llitsc'  alie  I'l'luii-)  another  iialiiiii  of  liuli.iiis 
who  raise  a  j,'reat  ([iiaiitity  of  tulmceo,  oiithe  side  toivard.s  llie  soiilli,  who  areealled  lh,> 
Neuti'r  imtioiis  wlio  niiinher  l.Ddi)  warriors,  who  dwell  west  of  the  lake  of  the  Kiitoiili. 
oiioroiis.  Kll  to  KKI  leaL'iies  in  extent,"  I.aviTdiere's  eiiain|)laiii.  l(il!l,  |i.  (k».  "These 
Neulei-!!  enjoy,  aeeofdiii^r  to  the  ri'port  of  sojne,  elirhty  lea^'iies  of  eoiiiiiry,  where  they 
raise  very  ;.'ood  tohacc).  whieli  they  Iraile  with  their  neighbors.  They  UMsist  the  Chi-- 
veux  Kelevez  (Ottawa-i  a^'aiiisl  the  Nation  of  Kire.  of  whom  they  are  niorlal  eni-inies; 
but  between  the  Ilirorinois  and  our  lliirons  *  *  •  th;-y  had  peaee  and  reninined  neutral 
between  the  t.vo  nations.  •    Sa;.'ard,  p.  Hiii     "  Kroni  the  llr^t  town  of  the  Neiiter  nation 


IH 


is  ail  iiKTcilililL'  ntniilx'i' of  sta.us  ilicrc.  wliicli  tlicv  ilo  not  take 
one  liy  diic,  as  is  (Imic  on  this  siilc,  hut  iiial-:iivj  tlirci'  li('(l<i'cs 
in  a  spacious  ]ilai'c.  tlicv  laiii  tlicni  all  alicail,  until  tlicy  <'()l- 
Icct  thi'iu  ill  tiiis  |ilaf(',  when'  tlicv  tak'f  tlnMii  :  ami  tlii'V  liaN'c 
this  maxim  I'oi' all  kimls  of  animals,  wiirlhcr  they  nccil  them 
(U-  not.  to  kill  all  tiifv  iiml,  I'oi'  fear,  as  they  -^ay,  that  ii'  they 
ilo  not  take  them  tin'  licasts  would  :;;<)  and  inform  the  otiicrs 
liow  thcv  hail  liccM  pursucil,  and  that  afti'i'wai'ds.  in  llicir 
nciH's>:ity,  they  would  no  longci  liud  any.  A  Lircat  almnd- 
anrc  of  moose  of  ell-:,  heavci'.  rat't'oou,-;,  ami  lilack  S([uirn'ls, 
lafger  than  those  of  1'' ranee,  arc  found  there,  a  i;i'cat  (luaniity 
of  wild  ircesc,  tui'kcvs,  ei'ancs.  and  other  animals,  which 
remain  there  all  winlci',  which  is  not  Ioul;'  nor  riiioroiis  as  in 
('aiiada.  and  nosui'W  had  fallen  thcri' on  the  li'Jd  of  Nnveni- 
licr,  which  was  not  at  most  more  than  two  feet  decji, 
and  licgan  to  melt  on  the  2tith  of  .lannary.  ( )n  the  Sth  of 
March'  there  was  no  louijcr  any  at,  all  in  the  open  places. 
tlioMuh  there  w;is  a  little,  indeed,  in  the  woods.  Kcsidcncc 
thei'c  is  pleasant  ;iml  <'oiivciKcut  "iioiiuii,  the  I'ivers  furnish 
(pnuitities  of  vci'v  cood  lish,  the  soil  v'iN'cs  u'ood  corn  moi'c 
than  for  their  want.  There  arc  s(piashes,  beans  and  other 
vegetahlcs  in  plent\-,  and  \- e ry  siood  oil  which  tlu^N'  call  a 
'J'ouroiilon.'   so  that  I  do  not  donht  lint  that  wc  should  settle 


foiiiid  oTi  priHM'ciliii;;  fioin  here  ilhi'  lliin)n>i  kri'pini.'  (in  sciiHli  iir  snntlnvc.-t  it  is  iil)c)U( 
four  (lays'  journey  lo  the  nidiith  of  Uu' so  faii\ous  river  of  that  nation  in  Ontario  or 
I,ake  St.  Louis,  'riiis  side  of  tliut  river  and  not  lieyond  it,  as  u  eortain  map  states,  are 
the  most  of  tlie  towns  of  the  Neuter  nation.  There  are  three  or  four  lieyond  rans^ed 
from  east  to  we«t  towards  the  Nation  of  the  Cat  or  KneehriUKUis.  This  river  is  that  hy 
wliieh  our  i,'reat  lake  of  the  Iliirons  or  Mer  Donee,  whieli  Hows  first  into  that  of  Krie  or 
the  Nation  of  the  Cat,  and  there  it  enters  into  the  lands  of  tlie  Neuter  nation  and  takes  the 
nanu' of  Dnyiiiaahra,  till  it  empties  into  Oidario."  -I{(dation  1(141.  p.  Tl.  'Vlie  map  re 
ferred  to  is  evidently  ('lnini|i'ain  s,  of  li;:iJ,  where  he  makes  the  Niagara  run  from  west 
to  east  and  places  the  Neuters  entirely  west  of  Lake  Ontario  and  sonlli  of  the  Niajjara 
The  oil  sprMi!,'s  in  their  eounliy  were  evidenlly  east  not  west  of  that  river. 

I  'I'his  ll.Kes  apparently  the  period  of  his  stay  in  the  eoiintry  of  the  Neuters  from 
November  y.',  ai.'li,  to  ahoul  March  8,  KKT. 

-•  •■  'I'he  eo|iylst  of  the  I'aihet's  leltiu'  mistook  in  my  opinion,  the  Huron  Wdrd  Olor 
onton,  which  he  makes  to  mean  «i/,-  for  it  is,  properly  spuakin;;, /(c/cA,  or  Oli  '.  hitir 
tiiii'li  Ihi'ri-  /.»•/-  Saiiard.  p.  sii:i. 


17 

tliiTc  i';itlu'r  than  clscwlH'rc,  ami,  clmilii  |,ss  dii  a  Iummci'  stav 
tliiTc  wuiiM  1)1'  lidpc  of  aihaiiciiiL:  'iml's  'jIdi'n-,  wliicl:  is 
inniv  to  1h'  xiii'jlit  than  anL^ht  else,  an<l  iIumi-  (•iin\(M'>i(in  is 
'iiiiiv  III  lie  li(i|i,'il  |',.r  the  faith  than  that  nf  ihr  Ilnrnns,  and 
I  am  a>tiinisiii',|  hciw  tlu'  ( 'unipan  v  nf  Mi'ivhanls,  siiicr  1  he 
1  iinc  they  ha\i'  iMiiic  In  1  hoc  cdnnl  rics,  ha\  i'  not  inaih'  sdimi' 
I'Vcnrhnicn  winter  ii:  said  cdnnti'v:  I  -av  a-suredlv  t  hat.  it 
WMiild  1„.  \-,.rv  easy  to  lead  them  \n  tii"  liMd<',  wlih-h  would 
Ilea  ureat  aiKantauc  to  l:()  ami  eome  li\-  >o  short  and  eas\-  a 
I'onte,'  as  |  lia\  e  alivadv  told  von,  I'or  to  vo  I  radiiej  to  the 
IlniMiis  aniiil  all  the  dillienlt  rapids,  and  alwavs  in  daiiLn-r 
<il  drowning:-,  is  scarcely  atti'aetivc.  .and  tlmi  to  niari'li  lor  six 
days  from  the  linrons  to  this  coiinti'S'.  crossinu'  the  land  li\- 
learfnl  an.l  awfnl  routes  ;is  i  ha\i'  .-ecu  the;  ire  insu]'- 
pni'tahlf  hardships  and  he  alone  k'liows  it.  udio  lia>  fonnd 
liiinself  amid  them. 

1   .siy    then    that   the  Licntlcnicn   associates  should,    in    m\- 

"pillion,  semi  soim>  I'Venclimen   to   winter    in  the   < ntrv  of 

the  N'enters.  who  aiv    hvs    ivniotc  than    that    of   the   llnnms. 

h'l'  'li''.V    can    i.ro( d    hy    the    lake   of   ihe    lliroipiois    to  the 

place  wheic  the  tradi'  is  held'  in  ten  day-  at  most  :  this  lalsc 
is  tlicirs  al.~o.  the  one  oi:   the  one  .-liore,  and   the  others  on 


I  "  I  rdii.jolurc  :il-ii  .-.■i-ily  llic  |iriixiiiiily  of  ilir  N.-iitri-  i.,  (^iiuhi'i-.  in  tint  Ihr  lliv 
ii(|ucils  iiii;  iii'iirir  1(1  the-  l''rcii(li  ili:iii  ihi'  riiiroiK  ;ni'.  iiiiil  111.'  Nciili'i-'  arc  iiiily  ti  t\:\\> 
jdiirnry  friiiii  lln'  llinniui)is.  wlionll  lie  s<jiiiliHiii(l."-N:'LMnl. 

■-•  'I'lic  pliK-c  (if  Iniilc,  iilrciidy  scvcriil  lime.-,  niciilidntd,  vm-  oii  Lake  Si.  IMcr,  mIkiiiI 
lifly  miles  lieldw  Mdiitrcal.  !<iiL'ar(l  in  If.Sli  says  :  "  «  *  ".\f:cr  luiviiii;  liccii  ic- 
frcslicd  f(ir  HiAcial  days  wiili  dur  'nctlircn,  and  oi.idycd  their  sweet  (•diivcisalidii.  in 
(iiir  liltl"  fdiivenl.  wc  ascended  in  imr  l)ar(|nen  liy  the  Hiver  St.  I.a«ienee  fur  //if  trdil, 
of  Ihi  V(i)ii  iif  VUliinj,  which  i.s  from  (^iieliec  aliont  fifty  leau'iies.  *  *  *  *  \Ve  reached 
l.atte  St.  I'eler.  which  is  si.\  (ir  seven  leai;iies  Ihiil;.  and  lliree  (ir  fdiir  wide  in  plaee.x,  and 
four  fathdins  deep  Hliere  Ihe  waler  is  still.  *  ♦  «  *  A  Utile  alidve  Ihe  (iiitlet  (if  Ihe 
hike  we  enter  the  hariidr  (if  (ape  Victory  and  cast  anchdr  ahdiit  .si.^  (ir  .se\cn  (I'cldck  in 
the  evening'  (if  the  day  iif  SI.  Maiidaien,  when'  already  were  encamped  aldii!..'the  bank, 
a  yrc'd  imndierdf  savau'cs  of  varidiis  niitiim.s  for  the  tiinlmf  hfiiinx  ii'illi  tin'  Fniitli. 
t  *  *  *  Kioin  the  harlair  (iiie  sees  in  fniiit  six  dr  seven  islands  ecivered  with  lieantifiil 
trees  of  iiniform  hei'.dd.  which  cdnccal  friim  view  the  lake  and  Ilie  river  (if  the  Iro- 
(|nois,  which  disehar;;es  itself  into  the  u'reat  river  opposite  tlie  harlior."  (Saiiai-ds 
llicldry  of  Canada,  I,  ira>-.l.  S.  ('. 


18 


the  utlicr,  l-iit  1  si'c  tiiic  oli-itMi'lc,  wliicli  is  tlicy  lianlly  l\iiii\v 
lii>w  til  iiiiiuM'ji'  ciiiiocs.  t's|ii'ciall\-  at.  rapiil-.  iiltlmii^uli  there 
ai'o 'nil\'  tWM,  Imt  tlu'\'  Mi'i'  Ioiil;  ami  i!aii:;i'n)iis.  'I'licir  r^a' 
ifailt'  is  liiiiitiiiL;'  ami  war.  oiitslih'  of  tiiat  llicv  arc  ^^rfal 
slii;:'<.ianls,  wiioiii  y<>n  see  like  ln'iii/ars  in  I'" ranee,  wlien  Llie\ 
are  full,  lyin,L!'  on  tlieir  iielly  in  the  sun  'I'lieir  life,  like  that 
of  tlu^  llni'ons,  vei'v  (lissointe,  ami  their  manners  ami  ens- 
tonis  entirely  the  same.  'I'he  lanLinaL^c  is  ilill'erent,  li(i\ve\cr, 
hnt  they  undei'staml  eaeli  otluT  as  tiie  Alij;"iinie(|nins  aii'l 
Moiitajriiais  do.'  As  for  elothes.  do  not  look  for  ai.y  anion'^ 
theni,  for  they  do  not  wear  even  hreeeh  eloths,  which  ;s 
\'er\'  sti'anii'e,  and  is  scarcely  found  in  the  iiiost.  sa\ap'  iriln's. 
And  to  tell  you  the  truth,  it  would  not  lie  e.\j»edient  to  let 
all  i\indft  of  people  eoine  hci'c,  for  the  wi<'ked  hfe  of  some 
French!nen  is  ii  pernicious  example  to  them,  and  in  all  these 
countries,  the  people  though  l)ai'l)ai  .>us,  reproach  us,  saying' 
that  we  teach  them  thinus  coiitrai'V  to  \v'iai  our  l''reiiclnnen 
praetiec.  'I'hink,  sii-.  wiiat  weight  our  woi'ds  can  have  aftci' 
that  :  yet  hetter  is  to  l)e  hoped  i'or,  since  what  consoled  nn' 
on  my  I'eturn  was  to  see  that  our  countrymen  had  made 
their  peace  with  our  Lord,  had  confessed  and  received  com- 
inunit.in  at  Kuster,  and  had  sent  away  tlieir  women,  ami  have 
snieo  l)eeii  nioiv  guarded. 

I  must  tell  you  that  tliev  ti'eated  our  Fathers  so  harshlv, 
that  e\en  two  men  of  whom  the.Iesuit  l''athers  hail  deprixcl 
theinselvts  for  theii' aceonunodatioii,  have  lieen  driven  out  liv 
foree,  and  they  \vere  unwilling  to  give  diem  a,iy  provisions 
to  nourish  and  suppoit  some  Imliaii  hoys  who  desired  to  live 
with  us,  although  they  pi'oinised  to  luivo  them  roinuiierate(l 
by  some  of  oi'r  henefactors.      It  is  cruel  to  he  tn^ated  in  this 


'  "Our  Iliiniiis  r;ill  llic  Ni'iitci  imlnm  .Mliw.nulmdnk,  ii*  inncli  a-  in  fay.  "  I'rcipk  iif 
a  laiiKllat-'i'  a  little  dilTtTi'iit."  for  aw  to  iialidiiri  wlili'li  ^pi'ak  a  laiij:iia;?i!  that  they  (Id  iiiit 
uiHliTclatKl  at  all,  Iliry  call  tlu'tn  .Vkwaiiakr.  nf  whatuver  iiatinii  tlicy  may  Ih',  as  ip"  in 
cay  "Slraiitji'rs."  The  [U'oplc  df  Neuter  Natiiui  in  turn  for  tin-  same  reason  eall  iiur 
lIiiroTis  "AlliwamUirDuk."     Helatioii  Kill.  p.  ;i. 


y  kinisv 
ii  tluTf 
icir  Tim' 
re  L:i'f;il 
WW  they 
ike  tliiit. 

IImI     (MIS- 

lins  aii'l 
(■  a  1 1 1 1 ) I  il;' 
vliich  :s 
I'  tril»cs. 
lit  to  !t't, 

<pf  SOIIH^ 
[,11    tliCS.- 

,  siiyiii-- 

llrlillicil 
IVl'  llt'tiT 

oldl  ine 
il   iiiailo 

I'll    CI  llll- 

mi  liavt' 

liai-shly, 
li'jiri\'cil 

II   (lilt  liV 

■ovisioiis 
il  to  livt! 
iitioniti'il 
il  ill  this 

"  I'l'cipk  iif 
they  (1(1  iiol 
'  hv,  itn  if  lo 
<iii\  ci.ll  imr 


19 

sort,  liyoiii  viTv  couiitrviiKMi,  hut  since  we  arc  Friars  Miiioi-. 
our  ((inditloii  is  to  suH'cr  am!  to  prav  to  (io;!  to  L:ivc  us 
patience. 

It  is  said  that  two  new  l-'athers  eanic  to  ns  f.-oiii  l-'raiicc, 
naiiieil  l-'atlicr  I»aiiicl  Hoiii-sicr  and  l''athcr  l-'rancis  de  J^in. 
\ille.  who  had  liccii  |irotiiised  us  already  last  vciir  :  if  this  ')•> 
so,  I  licLi  you  as  a  crowiiiiiL;' of  all  your  troiiMe,  that  voii  tako 
for  ine,  to  let  me  have  without  fail  a  liaKit  that  tlicycaii  send 
Hie,  it  is  all  that  I  ask,  for  no  cloth  is  made  here,  an  1  ours 
tiein.L;'  all  worn  out,  I  cannot  do  without  one.  'I'lie  poor 
rcliiiions  of  St.  l"'r;;iicis  having;  food  ami  clothin,ii',  this  is  their 
whole  lot  on  earth:  IleaNcn  wc  hope  under  favor  of  our 
jidodCiod  in  wliosi^  service  we  must  voluntari! v  devote  our 
life  lor  the  salvation  of  tlies(>  lieni,Ldite(i  people,  in  oi'dei'  that 
it  plea.se  him,  if  he  accept  our  care,  to  make  Cliristianitv 
(lourish  in  these  countries.  (io(l  permits  inartvi'dom  to  those 
who  mei'it  it,  1  am  sorry  not  to  iie  in  that  state,  and  vet  1 
am  not  nnawari'  that  to  lie  rccoii'ni/.ed  a  true  servant  of  (iod, 
uiiemiist  e.\ pose  him. self  for  iiis  brethren.  Come  then  hravelv 
pain  and  toil,  all  dillieiilties  and  death  itself  will  be  a<.n'eeable 
to  me,  (iod's  ^'raee  beiiiy  with  me,  which  I  implore  bv  tneaiH 
of  the  prayci's  of  all  our  uood  friends  ovei'  there,  whose,  sir, 
and  your  most  hiiinbh;  ser\ant. 

1  am  in  our  Lord. 
D;iled  al  Toanolmiii,  a  Huron  village,  ihls  IStli  dny  of  July,  1G27. 

Stephen  ]?rule,  wlioseoulotiy  of  the  country  of  the  Ni'iiters 
led  Father  de  la  Roche  Daillon,  to  visit  them,  had,  we  must 
infer,  already  been  in  thaljiartof  fliecountr\,  and  boon  struck 
by  its  advanta;j('.s.  Jle  came  over  at  a  very  early  ajz'e  and  was 
employed  l)y  C'hainplain  from  about  liilOaiid  pi'ihaps  earlier- 
He  was  one  of  the  lirst  e.xplorer.s,  proceeding  to  the  Huron 
(.•■ountry  and  aequiriiig  their  language  so  as  to  serve  as  inter- 
preter. (L!ivcrdiere"sChamplaiii,  vi  i)p.  244-26()j.   As  early  us 


2fl 


S(']iti'iiil)('rS,  Itil'i.  wlii'ii  ( ■li;iiiip!;ii'i  wns  jircp;iriiii:' to  join  the 
IIuiMiis  ill  tlii'ir  cxpi'ilitinii  ii'jniiist  the  l'!iit<Mii>lioiiiii'iiiis,  in 
('(•iitr;il  New  ^'(ii'k,  Slr])licii  Uruli'  ^d  out  williii  pintv  of 
t\vi'l\''  llui'oiis  iVoiu  r|i|i('r  Caiiii'l.i  for  tlic  lowns  of  tlic 
('iiriiiitou;mii;iis.  !iilii'>  of  thi'  Huron-  livinjx  on  tiic  Siiscinc- 
li;inn;i,  ami  rviilcntly  foiniinL;'  pai't  of  tin'  confiMTt'i'acv  known 
later  as  tin-  A  mlasti'-;.  (III.  ll('>l.">.  I  p.  ."'")|  to  soMiiv  tl.cir 
foo|..Tatiiin  auain-l  the  cnciay. 

lie  ri'oNsi'il  from  I,;il^(  ( )ht:n'io  api'ai'cntly  to  tlic  Siisipic- 
lianiia.  liffcutcil  ,i  small  Ii'oi|iiois  pai'ly  and  cntcicd  tin'  Car- 
iiiitoiiaiinais  town  in  triuiniili.'  'I'lic  fof<TMiiai<-lii'(l  too  slowly 
to  join  ('liam|il't,ii.  ami  l>ri'i('  rclnrncii  to  ijicir  ronnlry  wIh'Ic 
li'"  w  iiiti'i'i'ij.  !Ic  ili'-i'i'iidi'd  tlicir  ri\ci'  (till'  Snsipii'liaiina.  I 
visitinii'  the  iioiLiiii  o"in^-  triiics.  mcclinij'  scNcial  wlio  (•o:n 
'ilaincd  of  till"  liarsliii.'-s  of  the  Dntrli.  At  last  lie  stavt(  d  to 
I'cjoi'i  liis  conntrNincn.  Imt  liis  party  was  attacki'd  and  scat- 
t('i'('(i  li\-  tlic  Ii'oipioi.-.  and  l)i'iil('  losini:'  liis  way  ciitci'cd  an 
Ifoijiiois  \'illa_ii'c.  lie  tried  to  eoii\iiiee  tlicin  tliat  lie  was 
not  of  the  same  nation  of  w  lutes  wlio  had  jiHt  lic'ii  altai'kiiiL:' 
llieni.  lint  tlie\-  fi'll  upon  liim.  tore  out  iii-  nails  and  lieai'd 
and  Ix'Lian  to  hnrn  liim  in  dillerent  parts  of  tlie  Imdy.  lie 
was  far  fi'oiii  lieinL;'  an  e.\ein|i|ai'v  eliai'aeter,  Imt  wore  an 
A.UMins  Dei,  and  when  the  Indians  went  to  tear  this  from  his 
iieek  he  threateneil  tiieiii  with  the  veii^eanee  of  Heaven, 
.Inst  then  a  terriMe  thunder  storm  came  u]),  his  toniientois 
lied  and  the  chief  released  him.  After  he  had  spent  some 
lime  with  them  thev  escorted  him  four  days"  jwe.rney  and  he 
made  his  was-  to  the  AtinoMatMitaiis,  the  Huron  trihe  occn- 
pviiiL;-  the  ]ieiiin-ula  lietwecn  Nattn\vassa,L!:i  and  Nratcliedasli 
hays  on  Lake  Huron  i  Laverdiere's  Cniamplain  Ifil!',  p]i.  l.'U- 
14(1.  1(11;"),  ]).  2<>:   Sa.Liard,  Histoire  du  Canada,  |>.  -KiO.) 


I  ('ariimoiiiin  wii^  in  the  oniiocis  <if  present  Wiivcrly,  in  Tiosiii  C'onnt.v,  N.  Y.,  on 
llic  liiii'  lu'twccn  I'tMiiisylvaiiia  iinil  Ni'W  Yort;.  on  tlic  ciint  side  of  Clifinnii^  Hiver.  It 
wax  enclosed  liy  a  imiisaiU-d  work,  the  remains  of  wliicli  iirc  .  !1  plain  to  l)e  seen,  con- 
Ininini;  alionl  ten  acres,     lirnlc  reporleil  that  in  liil")  il  contained  HtXl  warriors.— J.  S.  C. 


21 


II''  fciiiud  Cli;iiii|)l;iiii  in  Itil^,  iiml  iiunlt'  liis  i'c|pnrt  to 
liiiii.  li  was  a|i|i:n'('iitly  I'li  this  I'ctuni  inaivli  that  he  passed 
tlii-uiiuh  till'  tciTitnry  <•!'  tlir  Neuters,  ,is  il  WdiiM  lie  his  saf«;st 
course.  We  lind  him  in  (^)iiel)ee  in  Ill'J.'!,  when  ht  wa>  sent 
t(i  meet  and  In'iiie  down  liie  llni'ons  edminij  In  ti'ade.  ll(! 
returned  with  tiiem.  h'adini;- a  verv  dis~(ilute  hfe  amnnL;-  the 
liidians  ia<  SaL'^ard  comiihiined ).  -  Laverdiere's  Cliamplain, 
K'l'it,  \i.  ><\.  W'iien  Ki  !"iik  t^nehee  he  went  over  t'l  the 
Ku,ulisli.  and  was  sent  up  to  tlie  llurons  in  their  interest  in 
1(12!>,  notwit!i<tandiug  the  l)itter  I'epiNiaelies  of  ("haniphiin. 
(111.  lO.'J'i.  p.  *Jt)7.)  Saiiard.  wi'itiiiL:-  in  l(i.".(),  states  that  pio- 
voked  at  liis  eondiiet  tiie  Herons  put  him  to  death  and 
devoured  him.  —  Sa.Liard,  Ilistnii'e  du  Canada,  p.  4f!t!,  Lejeune 
[{elation  l(l;!;i.  p.  J!  I.  The  iaU.er  I'aet  is  not  iiienlioued  hy 
the  Jesuits.  I'Voin  the  remark  of  Father  lireheuf  (Relation 
Ki;-)."),  p.  2S.  I  il  would  seem  that  he  met  hi.-  death  at  the  very 
town,  'I'oaiudiain.  wheiiee  I'ather  ih;  la  Uoelie  wrote.  It  was 
aliout  a  mile  from  'I'liunder  Bay.  —  Lavenliere's  Cliamplain 
Kilit,  p.  27. 

Such  was  tlic  fate  of  the  man  who  wa-  tiuMirst  to  cross 
from  i.id;"  <  hitai'io  to  the  Susipieliunna.  and  pass  from  the 
villaji;e  of  tlie  Iroipiois  throUL;li  the  Neutral  territory  to  the 
sliores  of  Lak(!  llni'o... 


'I'iir  riMiiKlci'  (if  till'  lir~i  iiiis>i(iii  niiiiiii'^  till'  SiMh'cas  in 
lll.'id  \v;l^  l''iillit'l' .I(iS('|iIi  ('li;illllliiiii)t,  ;iii  old  Ilni'oii  iiii~siiiii- 
ai'v,  iitit  liss  ilistiiiL'iiislic  I  for  liis  flcii[iii'nrc  tlmn  for  Ins 
piollS  (|r\i)tioli,  lie  ciiliii'  to  (  )||()ll(lll!.'!l,  the  I'llliilill  of  tin' 
I  ro^  I  Hois  Coiifi'dciMcv.  tlic  vcar  |  ires' ions,  toMcllu'r  with  I'atlicr 
Chindf  l);ililoii.  and  rcnsaincd  llicri'  dnriim'  the  winter  of 
1(!").">  (5.  |)re|i!irin^'  the  way  for  the  estahlishnient  i-f  missions 
in  tliese\eral  IrDijUois  cantons.' 

'riie  following:-  nari'ati\('  of  ins  work  in  fonndin,L;'  the  Sen- 
eca missions,  is  tr.nisl.ited  from  Chapter  wil.  of  It'Uilinn  for 
KioT.'   vi/. : 

CONCKKN'INC    TlIK    IT  IlLICAIIoN    OK   ■|'11K    lAlllI    AM().\(i    Till': 

SONNONTOr.WS. 

The  eoinitry  of  tlie  Sonnoiitonans  (Si  necas),  which  is  mnch 

the  most  i'ei'tih'  ami  iiopulons  of  tlie  cantons  of  tlie  Iroijiiois. 

contains   two  \\.'y\  lai'jxc  towns  and   a  numl)cr  of  lesser  vil- 

lajjrcs,  besides  a  town  of  the  llnrons  named  St.  Michael,  who 

took  refnjie  there  in  ordei'  to  csca|H!  tiie  common  calamitv  of 
.1..,; ;,...;       mm,.,....    ii ,..i...    i i     .1 


'ir    nation.'      These    llurons 

I  Kiir  tlic  prcliiniiiai'y  1 


who   have    preserved    their 
re  Kitilij  rlmiiiHs,,/ 


28 

CM.-itiMlM  lllnl  |i:irtii'lll;ir  Iinliits.  V\\r  .v|i;ilMti'  IViiiii  till'  li,.. 
<|ncii>^,  ;iiii|  (diili'iil  tliciiisi'Ucs  with  lifiii'j  mic  wnh  ihciii  in 
V'""!  I'l'i'liii'.f  .•iii'l  lrirnilslii|).  Nut  liMsiip/ ii  sulliciriit  ihiiiiIiit 
of  hilMii-crs  til  niltiv  ;iti'  tin'  \vIim|,'  i.lllii-i  cNtciisiv  c  licM.  we 
(•i>|i|i;;c  niirsi'lvi'-  to  |  H'cMi'li  i  li;j  tlh''jMci  I  Ihllli'j-  l.i  tlli'lll.  Ii;i\  • 
iiil;  i'\<'hiiliL''i'il  Willi  tliciii  pfi'Si'iit-  nj'  (■(■iTiiMniv  ami  ;ini;iiicc. 
I'"!    ii-i   soldi    ii>    I'';itlii'|-   (lli;iiiiii.iiiMt,    mi    c'lir    iirri\-;ii    in   the 

I  Iriii|iiiii.;)  i'iiiiiit|-y,  liiiij  ;ii|ii|itfi|    the    (';i\iil;;i>    h*  rhilijivii  uI 

''ih'lltlii'     III'   wi'lit    III  S"l|i'iM   tn  ;ii|i>l>l    llllll     1 |i|r  .'iS    liriitlli'l> 

I I  I'll 'I'll,  a  ft  IT  Ihi'  11  Kill  III  Till'  till'  l-'ail  1 1  til  which  wr  wmilil  i|i>- 
I'l'-i'  thrill. 

I  la\ili,u  as>i'iiililci|  thi'  sai'liriiis  uf  ( iaiii  la'jaii,  tin'  |iniii'i- 
pal  liiwii  of  tiic  Sriii'ras,  ami  iiiaiii'  thr  rii>tiiiiiar\-  jiri'smts 
I'l  alliaiiri',  lir  n niiiiifiirci I  iii  all  rai'iH'st  ami  rli'\atril  tiiiii'ii|' 
viiirc  til  cxiilalii  the  ]irii!"i|ial  truths  nt'  the  ijiis|ii'l,  which  he 
scah'il  with  three  very  licaiitil'nl  |ir('seiits  that  he  hail  res<'i'\cil 
l'"i'  the  |iiii'|iiisc  ;  ami  tu  press  the  iiiatlef  still  fartliiT,  "Mv- 
self  "  he  saiil,  '•  I  eive  with  these  as  L'liaraiitee  i  if  the  tmt  lis 
which  1  preach  :  ami  if  my  life,  which  I  cdiiseci'ate  tn  von, 
sliiiiilil  se(.'iii  toymi  .if  little  acenimt,  I  oU'er  to  vmi  the  lives 
i)f  all  the  Kreiicli  wlm  have  fnlloweij  me  tu  (ianiieiita'r  as 
a  t(>stiimiiiy  (if  the  l"'aith  which  I  |iriiclaim  tu  xmi.  I)i,  (-nii 
iMt  put  eoiitideiiee  in  these  li\iiiu-  presents — these  m.lile 
lii'avcs'.'  (Ian  ymi  he  s.i  simple  as  to  think  that  such  a 
ciinraLreiiiis  liami  wmilil  leave  their  native  'joiintrv.  llie  most 
iiLirccalile  ami  lieaiitiful  in  the  worM,  siill'er  sn  ^reat  liaril- 
ships  a!;il  come  su  far.  tu  liriiii:'  vn  a  lie  ?  " 


1  Fur  nil  luciiiuit  iif  llijs  inluoliii:.' (■iTi'iiioiiv  to^'i'llirr  «  i!li  tin' siici-cli  nf  SiKiiichiii 
2W11,  Ilic  ili»lln^'ui«liril  en.viiUii  (iniliir,  on  tlii' in'rii-iciii.  see  h'trli/  C/i'iii',  ri  ii>'  (''Himid 
IIi'Iki'ij.  pp.  l."i,  pp.  (liMiiitio  w,i>  llie  immu  by  wliii  h  llir  Krt'iicli  OiiVfrnor  wii"  kiiDwii 
to  till'  IriiqUoJM. 

■'  Si'c  iiiilo  nil  Scncra  tiiH  lis,  p.  u'."i. 

;  The  file  iif  tho  OnnliiliiL'i  Misj-inn  nf  SI,  Mi  ry.  It  was  nlso  tlii'  scat  nf  a  KriMicli 
ciiloiiy  (pf  sdinc  f.irly   prixiiix  hIkp  hail  aiidiiipaiiiiMl  llif  missionaries  friim  (^ucl,i.c. 

iiMilcr  coniiiinhd  of  M.  Dii  I'liys.  ami  was  sitiiaiiMl  on  tin'   iiortli  siiliMpf  the  On jaira 

lake,  alioul  iniiUvay  lietwi't'ii  its  two  oxlri'iiiilii's. 


21 

Till-  rrsiilt  |iiiivci|  th;il  tlii'si'  liirlKiriaii-i  wri'i'  m  >vr  I  liv  tin- 
iliscdMiM-  til'  till-  KatliiT.      \'\tv  iil'ti'i' dm'  (li'liliiTatinn  ovfi-  tlu' 

IllJltli'l',   tlli'V    iill-Wrl'i'il     liiill     tlli'V     lir||c'\  I'll     wliat    Wr   lia<l   till' 

L'<tn<liirs-i  t'l  |iii'Miil  I'l  llii'iii,  ainl  I'liilnai'i''!  lln'  I'aitI;,  ami 
rlili'fati'd  with  ;^n'at  r;ii m^tiios  that  llir  I'atln'f  uoiilil  hvc 
with  tlicin.  till'  lii'tiiT  III  iiisti'iul  thrill  ill  mir  invstcrio. 
'riirrc  \\a- <iiir  iimri' ih'i'ply  loiirhnl  ihnii  tlu'i'i'st,  wlinwniilil 
iiiit  ciiiisriit  that  thi'  l'';ithi'r  ^liiMiM  (Irpart  iinlil  hi',  hiiiisi'ir, 
was  iiistnirtcil  ami  iiaiiti/ni.  ami  he  liad  alsn  olitaiiicd  h'f  his 
wife  the  ^aiiii'  luii'i'im'ss.  (ii)d  has  lilcsscd  tlif  lalmrs  nf  tlii-^ 
l-'atiirr  with  siiiiiiai'  siirrcss  in  the  ntiicf  towns.' 

A  nimiil'.riil  ilaiHii,  wlm  i-i  t!ii'  cliirf  nt  this  |M'ii|ilr,  rcsnlvi'd 
ti)  surpass  all  nlhiTS  in  zi-al,  ami  ti>  In'  hiiiisril'  um-  nj'  ihr 
lirsl  til  Im'cimiu' a  Chiistiaii.  A  ram'iT  whirli  had  ratrii  iiitn 
his  thi;,di,  hiiviiiLr  niiiliiicd  him  to  tin'  hrd,  thr  hathrr 
altlxMi^li  indis|Mi.si'd.  >a\v  him  and  ruiivrrti'd  him  tii  iIm' 
l*'aith  III'  whirli  hi'  will  he  a  ^rrat  siippnrt  in  his  nuinliT, 
sinri''iiid  M'l'ins  with  this  end  in  \i('W,  to  ha\i'  In'iili'd  him  of 
,1  disi'a       whirli  all  thought  to  he  iiicuraiilr. 

A  nil  111'^  thr  man  V  Ilnrons  who  liavr  ki'|il  thrir  i'aith  dnniiL' 
tlirir  captiv  it  \ .  thr  l'"a!hii'  iiii't  witii  a  Woman  who  had  pro- 
>i'i\i'd  till'  /ral  of  a  '^ond  Christian,  and  from  whom  he 
Icarnrd  that  dir  llui'onsof  the  Islr  of  Orleans,  contiiiiicd  in 
the  practice  of  oiir  iclit^ion  with  all  their  former  devotion  ; 
and  that  one  of  them  named  .laeipies  Otsiaoiiens.  had  aston- 
ished hv  his  hirtitnde  the  Iroipiois  who  Imriied  him,  not 
oniittiiiu'  to  repeat  at  length  the  usual  praver.s  and  invokinff 
without  ceasing  the  name  of  Jesus  during  the  whole  of  his 
tort  lire.' 


1  Si'r  iiiilr  DM  Si'iiuca  ImMi-',  p   •'.'). 

.'  At  Ihr  ilisprrwiiiii  iif  thr  lliinni  nntiiiii  anil  witli  it  thr  niixsiiiiiH,  a  niinilirr  foii^'ht 
refuel'  liiidir  l''ri'iiih  |ii(ili(liciii  at  t^iirhcr,  iiTiil  afliT  a  while  wrrr  rt'iiiini'il  to  the  lulr 
iif  DrU'ann  in  tlii'  viciiilly,  who'c  a  ihiii-rh  ami  a  furl  won'  liuilt  ;  aiul  ihc  ciiltivaliiin  iif 
llir  coil  n.iM:  till'  ri'fiit!ei'»  an  aiii|.!i'  Bii|i|)i)it.  (iiiiilfil  by  Kathi'ii-  Lriinaril  (iarii'aii  and 
ChanniDniil,  two  of  their  j-nrviviii;.'  |iasti)r.-<  in  their  iiw  n  coiinlry,  thiy  are  naiil  In  have 
lieeDine  innilelH  of  piety  anil  <le\oliiin. 


2r. 


Til.-  Iliin.lisnf  Sl.Mi.'li.'.rl'  .||,|  ,|,,t   ,n;niif..>t  niiv  Ir«s  s|,_mis 

"I'    l-lrlV.    licill-     lill.Ml     Witll    jnv    M    S.vin^r    .,„„(„    ,  .j f,|„,j,, 

•  It'jir  pMsI-.M.  .'.•u'li  jiskiiiLr  rnrlhwitli  iil)snliiti,.ii  fur  liinis.'ll'  ..r 
l-apti-^ui  fur  his  .•hihiivM.      Kvni  ih,.  nM   n,,.,,  wh-,  ,|,..|,is..,l 

mrNK.'*  T..WN«.-\VI„.n  thrs,.,,..,.,,,  „,.,.■  llrM   k„„»„  -.,,|„.  «l„t.-.,.,„l  fr ,|„„ 

m..  up  ...  Ih..  Kn.nrh  .v,,,,!!. „f  1.,., 11..  1„  mimT,  ,|,..j.  |„.,i  , ,,h„..|,,„1   ,..«„. 

In  1.1(1.  annnl,,,;,,,,.;,.!,,,,,,,  ,|,„j.  „„„.  i,,,,,^  „,  „,,•  mii„l-,-.  t«„  „r  uhl.h  , „.in,.,l 

Hh„iHlr..,lr,,Mn,..,.rh,,h..u,h-,-«fr„.„r» .)•  .„.l,lrt.v      A.thU. .,.,r„|„|y  ,„,.  ,„„, 

|.rohMhl,   .  ,r....  „f  Mm.  I,,r.,.,t   «>.rn  ..,„.|,„..,1  l,y   .,„,,..      I„    l,i;r  «h..„    M-i,...!    I,v 

(i.  ■.■..  m  Uh,  ....  Allmny  trmkr,    .l„.,v  «..r npvl„«  f„ur  Mlhi^-....  „..„..  „f  „|,l.  I,  »../.■ 

l;" ''•,  ^f•■'l"""•  '  1"".^"-  -t  1-n,. »l.h  thr  l,.r....  town.  »„.  ,. V,     M.l,.. 

''■'"""■"""'' """'"'  '"■"""vlll-'l.,  l«.Mr,ay,"il„..v J..  .h..|rlu,.„.l„M-  ,■,.„ 

en  v..,.r-  1..  .,r,l..r  ...  l.rl„;c  li.....<..|u.K  .,..,„■  M...  «.,.„1,."    TI.Uu, ■ |.,y  ,r,„.  „f 

I...  ,.r„.,.  v,l,,„..,,   |„„   ,„.,  ,„,„||..r  „„..-   ,„|,.ht  ,„n.|, f„r,„..n.v  v..:,r,  .,r  ,.„.r.. 

n...l.|«  .1...  tin.u  ,.f  tl...  .)...,.l<   Mi.Mn„,  „„.„„..  .1,..  s..„..,. 1  „|,"„;  |„sr  t.,..   r.M.r 

|.rl...'l|mls,ll,w.  ...c ,111,..  r..l,..lv..|,„-l,l„„-l,„i|,,„..,|i„il,..(„ll„u|,„.,|l„.M,..M 


.S.lN.NilNT.)|-AN. 

..»l'..M.,.i.il,.i,. 

T.iti.ul',,,, 

(•AN.. A.  II..)IU..I>.' 

'•■i< ili»l..., 

K.n.ll,.. 


o 


.\r„/A, 

M  iiiili' 


Sunt  I,. 


(Undaiiaii.i. 

M.  ..J 


llAV.IIJI  I.A.IAf;. 

'I.    Ml.  I.arl. 


Of  (.AN.,A..A..o  1.  \>  kn.m.,  .■,.r.„i„ly  ,,„..  ii,  ,.;;;   ,„„|  „;,,:  i,  „■,..  on  .1,.:  t-r-a.  

.r.M.nhnk'i.  -„},  I.  .„n.„l,„,l  .„„.  |„.,Mlr..,l  ...„1  ilfty  |„„„...,  I,,..,,,..,!  „„  „„.  ,„,,  „r  „  „,„;„ 
«  ,  I.'.',' ^n"^',"",  "  "";■"""""""     '"  ""■^'  <■■'""••■'■  "-■'■i'-"  i'  "-  in  ..  lar..  .l,.i.,  .."hour 

^i    ,  ,       ;,"  ',".:'"'',■''  "'"■'  "'""-•"-"•'•>  1-v..  1,..,.„  r„ I.  .,.,..„•  1..  the. 

v.;  In,,,  .,f  ll,„..h„.n  11,11.     l...,H,„v,ll,.  f,„„„i  «„„„  k|,M  .,f  u  w„rk,  „  ,  ,|„.  hlli  „.,r,h  .,f 
W...r  „„.l  »,„„..  ..V,.  ,.„„.,  .,r,.n.in„ln.ll,.„  vlllau-.,  :,„v..  .....n  fo,„„l   .h-r..,  :,.,f  the 

h..   am.  ,.f  Mr.  n.  ,„in.     I„  ,hi.  vi,.i„l,y,  ,„  ,ii,r..r..„t  l,„...„i,„„  hav..  h«on  r.n.n.l  ,.,„... 

of    ...|".rtant   l.i.l.an   vIllaLV,.     Thl-  (ia.iira.l.n  alia-  (;a,„l,,::ar.,  wa-  th.'  ''St 
......H     .,f  ,lK.  „,i^si„n:„i...-.  ,1,.. ,  'aiMtal  „„.l  r...i,lu,„.c.  „f  th..  ,hi..f  ►a..h..,„  «|,„  ,,r..,l.|,.,l 

'T  th..i.'iaiiili..i,iiiiil».pr  Ih..  l.lh..  ' 

(iAS.„„-..A..AK,th,.  "sr.  .Ml,.ha..l-.,r  ,!,..  ,Mi „arl..s,  ,„.„|,i..,i   |„-l,Hii,ailv  hv  .„, 

o..    hv  l,..o  h..,w,...„  „„.  ,„„„,  „f  ,.a„a.„lal,„a  «,„|  Kas,    Hl,„„„n..l,l  ah„..t  ,lv..  n.iu' 

"""";,"" "'  ^ '•""■•  "I'l"'"^* '"  i'"v« h.... ,.  .1,..  „,  ,1.1,  villa.,..  ...h,.,.  .„.., ;;,.:. 

pn.  lahly  ,.n.  „r  in  ,1,..  vi.ini.y  „f  ,1,.  fh:,|,in  far,,,.  ,lir..,tlv  -„utl,  „f  |).,„.,|„„„  ||- 


tJa.i.cH  "  (jf  11 


n.Mw„..aM,ern  villa.^..  af,..r  .h,.ir  ,l..-,r,..-,i„n  |„   i,;.s7  irra,l„ally  .Irin.-.l   ...,.i„ar,l 

a...l  «..,...  f,„„„,  ,.  ,„„„„.,.,,  ,,.a,.  ,a,,,  „,  s van r  „r...-...„  uL...     1        ,•      1  !  ' 

«er..  .«..  .„lU.H..a.,  .,r  ,h..f..,.,  „rcn„a .i,„a  l,..ku  ;  in  ,r.V.„„  ,l,v  White  .S,„  |„  -  far.n 

t«..  .,„l,...-.,M.,h.,u..„.  a.„l..„  l,„rr..|lV,.reek,  f„„r  ,nil..,  s,„.,h.wv.,  of  .;..„....  ;  "in  ,^V 
at  lh<.  Old  CaMle  two  !.iilf«  i,.,rth\v..Ht  of  (i,.t,c.va 

SoN.NONTo.-AN  alias  Totla.....,,,   Tc.,'ar..hi,.«.  th.   ••  Con.-,.|,tl.,n  "   of  ,1,.  ,„i..^,.,a,.i,.- 
«u.  located  a. nil.,  a.,.,  a  half  N.  N.  NV.  of  l.oneoye    Fall.  i„  ,„.  ,„un  J  M,.,,,!  ,'. 


2(1 


spcritv   IkuI    hliiitlcu 


iLt  pleasau,  :.s  W..V  the.,   f-its   of  ,ho  (  ...,k.1,  the  1  a 
,va.  n.v..rtlu>l..s  nl,li.Mto  a.Tnve  h.n.sell  <.f  th<MU.  ,.u»n,^ 

work  callinu  him  dsowheiT.  '  „     .  ,. 

O,,  ,,s  wav  0.ac'k  to  ()non.h.K.O  h.  h:..l  an  excellent  opiKn- 


luuit 


V  to  ridicule  a    superstition    ol   tli 


,.  iiitidels,  his  ,uuule 


II 


„,,,.  „,„u,  ,.u,..i,  ft.  ""•  i-":;;,";i;; ;;;:;;"";'  ™    i:;!! "<,  •< 

ftrtftlo  Oft ft"^.  "iftl  ."'..I'  -">.^  '''  '"  '  „  ,.,„  I,.,.,  f„r,u  ft  ft.ilft  .vft-t  i.f  H.fti,-n)ft 

nciullu'licul.if  (•olH•>•u^<lako.-.I.S.  I-  ,,.„,,.„,« 

Wl,iU..tM,lyin,'«i.h  1,1.  »i>clc.a  ,M■u■^t.  1.  ■      a.  '"^  J      ,„,   „,  f,„e,l  t,.  roturn, 

..i^ --.,u 1  .o „, B,.;.,no ,o  ,u,. u. s.au.     ^  ;;;';' ,^,^,;„„^^,, ^,,„,„ ,„ „., 

,,„,,     ,,,,,,,,,,1  „>.  .  i,>l«r.m«^.  <  .  Home.     Afur  .i      .r       .  ^^      _^.,^  ^  ^^^  ^^^^ 

„,„,,„„,.v  .KKTibcl,  he  ont.re,!  .he  N.cu..y  ■     •';-;"'     :,„,„,,.,;aov.„e,l  hin- 

.df ...  UK.  K.„.ly  ,.f  ,.«rfoo.u.n.  WluU-  n>  h,s  '"-'"^  •     '"   ,  /     !'  ^  ,     ,  „   „,o   Cana.la 

;:.'^""'^'  ^r.:";r  ;:;;u ;  •'  1 X  "i:  i;':.;. -lu-o .. .... ..,  A...,-.ea. 

e.e.l..  i.n„u.aia...y  to  .he   ""-   ''^^  ->;  ,,    .,         '  r.,;!..  wUh  ,.,.  „any 

"","  ""'"  :l,  .      f  on   K,>5  .o  ir.rn.  «he„  he  ,va.  a.  On,..>.l,.,:a,  an.l  a  nho,.  May  at 

work.  vvithi.>iai.i..i.al  f;icts  fnnii.hed  by  I)r.  hhea. 


I,  sonjilit.  It 
I  low  true 
adversity 

ul   liliiidi'd. 

the  Katlun- 

111.  jircssing 

IK'iit  ()i)|><)r- 
;.   his  uuide 


n':<  villiii;c."     It 

11  hiMlll  cif  lli'"- 

fiiniiini;  a  iii;lit 

pnibiilily  tlH!  iiiui 

WL's-t  "f    lIulK'dJO 

ICC  (if  relics  )mve 
15s,  mill  liiiMclrcds 
'Ills  '."■Cilt  villiiL'f 
ihicx  licncc  comc- 

itR  (if  tlio  iircscnt 
r  lIiiMctye  Kails. 
,1 1  iriic  town, 
ipyi-.i-:  f^cvcriil  dif- 
SlllliviUl  fniiiul 
11  lliinl  sninll  mu', 

niUcd  CiiAiMON- 
■UH  a  wino  dresser, 
ed  iissiiciiite  lo  rob 
ic  fciired  to  return, 
iires,  wliicli  lie  lias 
jf  May.  l(i:i '.  as  the 
•rted,  devoted  liiiii- 

theii  also  a  student 
iicited  tlie  t'aiiada 
ID  scut  to  .\iiicrica. 
,  and  with  him  pni- 
ill  lli.'id.  visitim;  the 
ehee  witli  llic  |iarty 
.ealli,  oil  llie  vjlst  of 
,  and  a  shoit  slay  at 

o/l/ie    l'lli/"l  .S/lllll: 

:  several  sketches  of 
ly  derived  from  this 


li.'isini;  prc.^fiilfil  a  hit  df  wikh]  t,i  cast  hikhi  twn  imuihI 
.-tiiiii's  \vhic!i  tlicy  t'liriuiiitcictl  111'  liic  ji iiinir\-.  siiiTi m m Inl 
with  the  syiiihuls  ot'  a  siipcistitimi  of  tliis  |i('n|i|c  wlm  111 
|ias>iiiL;  thi'ow  a  siiiaU  stici<  iiiaiii  tiifS(>  stdiics  in  idkcii  ,it 
ilirir  hiiiiiaL;'!'.  adihiiii'  the  wni'ds  hmn' ,'  (i<;!ct:niiim  i\^ti(/iii,i/iif^ 
ihal  is  tn  .-^ay  :  lluld  I  this  is  to  pay  my  |iassatji' in  m'dir  that. 
1  may  ]inicc'cd  with  satrty.  ' 

I  cannot  omit  ihr  death  of  l)a\id  I-f  A[oyni'  which  sh'-nld 
seem  [U'ccioiis  in  tlic  eyes  of  Lt'ood  men.  as  we  hchcxc  it  to 
have  ht>en  in  the  siirlit  of  (lod  lie  was  a  \'oiinL;' man  from 
I>ieli]u>.  ■' a,L;ed  ahout  tliirty  years,  who.se  zeal  h'd  him  iohi!- 
low  the  Father  in  this  mission,  beiiiL;-  disposed  hv  a  Lieini'al 
eonfessioii.  A  liemorrhaue  wliieli  weakened  his  hodv  hir 
.some  time,  ihd  not  interrnpt  for  a  moment  liis  enthn>iasm  ; 
and  he  (hed  on  the  banks  of  Laku  Tiuhrru  (Cnyn:.va)  with  the 
lientleiies.-,  and  resi^triiatioii  of  the  eleet,  blessinu'  <iod  for  this, 
that  lie  was  permitted  to  (he  in  tlie  hind  of  the  Iroipiois.  and 
in  t!ie  work  of  spreadini:' the  faith.  Js  not  such  a  (h'ath  an 
ampk"i'eeompense  for  a  hfe  (h'voted  to  the  salvation  of  sonls, 
and  a  fitting  illustration  of  the  proteetiou  of  the  Blessed  \'ir- 


'■  On  his  return  to  Onoiid:ij.'ii,  ('haiiinoiiot  was  immediately  si'in  wiih  Fallier  Menard 
tlie  founder  of  the  ('ayii<.'a  mission,  to  the  onuidas  to  open  friendly  relations  with  that 
most  olistinaleof  the  Iroquois  trihes.  Wiiile  on  their  way.  and  the  llrsi  niijlil  they  npent 
ni  the  woods,  a  chief  in  the  company  thus  addressed  the  Fathers:  ••Ah.  my  hrothers, 
you  are  weary.  What  troahle  you  have  to  walk  011  the  snow,  on  ice  and  in  the  wati'r  I 
But  conrage  1  Let  us  not  complain  of  the  toil  since  we  undertake  it  for  so  nohle  a 
cause.  Ye  doMiions  who  inhahit  tin' woods,  lieware  of  injurin;;  any  of  those  who  com- 
IKise  this  emhassy.  And  you  Ireea  laden  with  years,  whom  old  a:,'e  must  soon  h'vel  lo 
the  earth  suspend  your  fall  ;  envelop  not  in  your  ruin  those  who  yo  topriven;  the  ruin 
of  provinces  and  nations.'  Uilufkoi  Hi.");.  Chap,  xviii.  p.  4ii.  Thi.s  is  simiinr.  both 
in  sentiment  and  ima.L'ery,  to  the  opening  sentences  of  the  preliminary  cereiinniy  of  the 
Iroquois  "Condolinj;  eoiincil,"  which  was  convened  to  ni,,urn  a  deceased  coiiiiciliir  of 
tlie  I.eajrue.  and  install  his  successor.  See  '/'/«-  Irm/iuiii  Hook  cf  lilte".  edited  liy  Ilora- 
lic)  Hale,  M.  A.,  I'liiladelphiu,  ISN3  ;  |ip.  117  111). 

.■  .\  seiiport  town  of  France,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Aripies,  and  lakes  iis  name 
from  ••diep"  an  inlet,  a  place  of  considerable  iinporlaiice  as  e.irlyasthe  latli  ci'utiiry 
Durinj,' the  Franco-Derman   w.irit  was  occupied  hy  tlie  lierm.iii!-  from  Uecemlier  l.s;n 
to  July  1H"1. 


28 

gill  toward  whom  this  young  man  manifested  a  devotion  that 
was  most  remarkable? 

The  central  mission  at  Onondaga  was  broken  ii[)  the  fol- 
lowing year  (IGoT),  on  the  discovery  of  a  eonapiraey  involv- 
iiiL'  the  massacre  of  the  French   colony  located  at  Ganentaa 
Miid     the    death     of   the    missionaries.      The    circumstances 
attending  the  timely  disclosure  of  the  treacherous  plot  and 
the  manner  of  their  escape,  were  fully  narrated  in  the  history 
of  the  Cayuga   Mission.  '     Sullice  it  to  say   here,  that  a  war 
followed  Ix'twecn  the   French  and   th(>   Inxpiois  which  raged 
for  two  years,  when  negotiations  for  peace  were  concluded  at 
Montreal,  accompanied  by    the   retpiest    from   the  Iroquois 
embassy  that  the  sevei'al  missions  might  Ite  reestablished. 
For  this  ]>ur!>osc.  and  not   without  misgivings  on  the  part  of 
the  French  for  his  personal  safety.  Father  Simon  Le  Moyne, 
when  on  a  visit  to  Onondaga  in  KioB,  opened  the  way  for  tlie 
lirst  missions,  returned  with  the   emba.ssy,  and  arrived  at  the 
Impiois  capital  the  12th  of  August,  16(50.     He  made  a  brief 
visit  to  the  Mohawks  who  had  taken  no  jmrt  in  the  overtures 
f(U-    peace,   and    maintained   an    im[ilacalile   hostility   to   the 
French,  but  without  success,  and  barely  escaped  with  his  life 
from  the  scene  of  his  earlier  labors,      lie  spent  the  autumn 
and  winter  in  nMssi>)nary  work,  largely  among  the  Onondagas. 
A  notice  (»f  it  occurs  in  the  Relation  of  1602,  as  follows  : 

"Behold  h.erea  mission  of  blood  and  lire,  of  labors  and  of 
tear.«,  of  captives  and  of  barbarians.  It  is  a  country  where 
the  earth  is  still  red  with  the  blood  of  th.e  French,  where  the 
stakes  yet  stand  covcre(l  with  their  ashes:  where  tho.se  who 
have  .-survived  their  cruelty,  bear  its  fatal  marks  on  their  feet 
and  hands,  their  toes  cut  oil  and  their  linger  nails  torn  out, 
and  whert^  in  tine  Father  Simon  Le  Moyne  has  been  for  a 
year  to  soothe  the  sighs  of  this  alllieted  church,  and  to  take 


1   Fmtij  (luiplnf  r:f  rni/m/n  lliflvry,  pp.  2'.i,  30. 


29 


votion  that 

UJ)  tlio  f.  )1- 

acy  iiivolv- 
.t  Ganciitaa 
cumstaiices 
IS  plot  and 
the  liistory 
,  tliat  a  war 
vliit'li  raged 
Diicliidod  at 
ic  Irofiuois 
established, 
tlie  part  of 
Le  Mdyne, 
way  for  tlie 
rived  at  the 
iiade  a  brief 
10  overtures 
ility   to   the 
with  his  life 
tlie  aiitninii 
Oiiondagas. 
jllows  : 
djors  and  of 
untry  where 
1,  where  the 
■c  those  who 
DU  tlieir  feet 
ils  torn  out, 
been  for  a 
and  to  take 


part  like  a  good   pastnr  in  :ill   ih,'  iiii.-.f(irliiiics  .if  his  dear 

tlnek. 

"He   was    ehiclly  nnjupicl    during  the    winter   with    thivi> 

eiiui'ehes,    one    Kreiieh,    one    lliiron    and   ( lrn,pi,H.-.      H,. 

pivsei'ved  the  piety  among  tin'  French  eaiilivi-;.  and  be- 
eanit,'  himself  the  s<i!e  (K'pository  nf  all  their  alliietiun.- :  he 
re-established  the  Huron  ehnivh,  l'.>rinei'ly  so  llonrishin-  in 
their  own  I'oimti'y;  lu'  laid  the  foundation  of  the  Iroipiois 
ehmvli.  going  from  place  to  plaee  to  baptize  tin'  cinldivn  and 
the  dying,  and  to  instruct  those  who.  in  the  miiist  of  bai-ba.- 
lism.  wei'e  not  far  from  the  kingijoiu  of  (idd. 

"A  little  eha]>el  formed  ><\'  lu'anciics  ami  hark  \\a>  the 
sanctuary    where  (iod   recciscd  c\ci'y  .lay  the  adoration    of 

those  who  eom posed  tliesi'thi' •liurdies.      Ilciv  the  I-'iviich 

assembled  each  morning,  half  an  hour  licfoiv  davlight,  to  assist 
at  the  august  saerilice  of  the  mass;  ami  everv  evenim;  to 
recite  in  eominoii  the  r(.>ary  :  and  often  too,  duriiii;'  tin'  da\ 
to  seek  consolation  from  (io(|  in  then  misfortunes,  joining 
their  mangled  haiidsand  liftiiiL;  them  to  llcaxfii,  thev  i-ravcd 
for  those  who  had  thus  mutilated  them."  , 

Owing  to  the  continued  hostilities  of  the  ^b)hawks.  it 
was  not  until  It'.Cb,  that  the  missions  were  reiu'wed.  when 
all  the  eantons  once  more   weleonied  the  missionarv  l-'athers. 

I  For  an  MOi-oiint  of  Lc  Moyiic's  vUit  to  Ciiyui.-ii,   m'c  A:iiIu  C/^.'/.f,,:- ./   Iw/in/,i  //;«. 
/iirij,  p.  -jri. 


The  missKui  among  tlic  Seiitvas  was  ivsiuiu'il  in  1<W)>^.  liv 
Fatiicr.laiiu's  Fiviniii,  wlio  was  in  <  )ni'ii(la!i:i  in  l(v)7.  at  the 
breaking  u])  of  tlie  lr(M|iuiis  missions,  as  lefciTcd  to  in  tlir 
lircvious  nnmlKT.  His  narrative  oecnpiis  (,'liaiiti'r  IX  of  the 
R.h\tint\  KiTH.  and  is  as  follows: 

TlIK  MISSION  OF  ST.    MICII.\KI„  oK  TSoN  NoNTOfAN. 

Onr  lro(|nois  missions  made  in  the  year  li)()l>  verv  gi'ati- 
fvinu'  progress.  We  then  l)egan  to  pi'eaeii  the  (iospcl  at 
nVdiinontotiiin,  (Sencea),  wliei'(>  there  is  a  ureati'r  nnml)ei'  nf 
people  t'.Kin  in  the  other  fonr  eaiitons  of  the  lower  Iroipiois. 
When  I  arrived  here  at  ln>  "Io.se  of  the  year  i(]()8,  I  was 
well  received  :  Imu  a  fatal  form  of  sickness  breaking  out  at 
the  time,  desolaied  the  entiri'  region,  so  that  1  was  wdiolly 
oecnpii'd  in  visiting  the  cabins  to  instruct  and  baptize  the 
sick,  who  were  in  e.xtremity.  It  pleased  God  to  Ijle.ss  my 
hn!nbl(>  laboi's,  .so  that  in  a  short  time.  1  bajitizetl  more  than 
one  inindred  and  twenty  persons,  nej'rly  all  adults,  of  whom 
more  than  ninety  dieii  soon  after  baptism.  I'Jnt  as  1  was 
alone  and  could  not  leave;  the  lie](h  more  than  une  humlred  and 
tifty  died  (without  baptisnO  in  distri(;ts  far  removed  from  here, 
while  engagc'il  in  lishin^:'  or  hunting.  A  necessity  so  press- 
ing impelled  me  to  ask  for  assistance  and  beg  Father  (iai-- 
nier.  who  was  at  Onondaga,  to  cmne  to  my  aid  at  the  earliest 
moment.  I5ut  ])y  the  time  <M'  his  arrival  tlie  contagion  h>d 
ceased.  Thus  l)eing  relieved  from  exclusive  occupation  with 
the  sick  we  began  to  proclaim  the  (iosjiel  1o  the  people  who 


;;i 


1  1(!(58.  In- 
>;")7.  ;if  the 

lo    ill   the 
IX  (if  the 


CAN'. 

VL'i'v  ui'ati- 
(idspc!  at 

IIUlllluM'  111' 

•  Jr()(|it(iis. 
)()8,  1  was 
:iiig  nut  at, 
as  wliitllv 
a)itizc  the 
IjIl'ss  my 
inoro  than 
,  of  wlioin 
,  as  1  was 
iiKiiTi]  and 
from  hore. 

V   so  pi't'SS- 

athcr  (iai-- 
he  earliest 
tagioii  Ird 
atioii  with 
)eople  wild 


ha>i  never  heard  tlie  name  of  .IisusChi'ist  :  and  in  order  to  d,) 

this  with   tlie  ,uTeater  sii< ss  in  dill'cr.Mit  <hrfetioiis,  l''ather 

<'''ii''ii''i'  took-  chaivi'  of  the  town  named  ( ian<hiehira'joii.' 
whi'ie  ill  ;i  short  tiino  hr  hiiilt  a  \erv  (•oiiim..dii  ,ii<  chaju'I  to 
which  tiii'v  Hock  from  all  sides  for  instruction. 

As  for  myself,  1,11  tiic  'i7tli  of  Sept.  KiC.;*.  I  entered  the 
town  called  (iandoii'jarai',-  and  was  received  with  every 
demonstration  of  pirhiic  jny.  They  had  foi'  s.iiiie  time  await- 
ed with  impatiei mv   edmiim'.     'I'he   town    i.- eom]in~e,|  of 

the  remnants  of  thi'ee  (litiVrent  nations  which  haviiiii'  lieeii 
snliiliied  liy  the  Inxpiois.  were  forced  to  snlimit  at  tlie  i1is- 
eretioii  (if  their  eniHiueroi's  and  to  e-.tal)lisli  themselves  in 
their  territory.  The  lirst  n:ition  is  called  OnnuniidL'a  :  the 
secoiirj  tli,>  Neuter  and  the  third  the  Huron. '  The  lirst  two 
liave  seldom  if  ever  seen  l-jiroiieans,  neither  have  tlicv  heard 
mention  of  the  true  (lod.  As  f,,r  the  third,  they  are  a  col- 
lection from  iiiaiiv  lini'dn  villaucs,  all  of  whom  iia\-e  lieeii 
inslnicteil  in  the  l>'ai!li.  and  niaii\-  of  whom  ha'l  alreadv  iieeii 

I  Si'r  ScllccaTowii^.  |i,  •.-,. 

-Il)(l. 

■■'  This  w,is  after  {}>■■  Mil,ju-ann,i  „r  ilu.  Ilimiiis.  N.nlor-  iiiid  Kii.- ami  |  rev:,, lis  to 
that  of  (iaiiiiastOi.'iit.<  ;  whence  the  inference  that  the  OnnontioL'as  were  a  Irilie  of  the 
Eries  whose  towns  seem  neve,-  to  have  been  visited  iiy  the  Kreiich.  "The  t.Trilory  of 
the  Iro.|iiois."  says  Mr.  Hale  ^ //w/mi.. ««,/■  „/■  l/i/.,  p,,,  :i->,  ;»,,  ••  ,.„nstai,tiv  ,.Mei.clinL'. 
as  their  united  strensjlh  made  itself  felt,  hccanie  the  •  (Jreal  ■.syh.in  -  of  the  Indian  liihes. 
or  Ilie  corainered  Kri.-  and  lliirons  many  hniidreds  were  ..M-eiv,.d  and  adopted  bv  their 
con.inenirs.  The  Tuscaroras,  expelled  l.y  the  Kn-lish  from  North  earolina.  took  r.'fnue 
witli  the  Inxpiois  and  hecame  Mi,,  si.xth  nation  of  the  Lea-ue.  l^'roni  still  further  south 
the  Tntekies  ami  .Sapoides  of  Dakota  .s|,,ck.  after  in,iny  wars  with  the  IriMpi.tis,  Hell  to 
then,  fr,,ni  their  other  em.niies  and  f  aind  a  cordial  wele  ,me.  \  chief  Htlll  -[,<  |„  ,|ie 
council  as  a  representative  of  the  Tuleloes,  thou-h  the  trihe  itself  has  heeii  swept  away 
hv  dis,.ase  or  ahsorhed  in  the  larirer  nations.  Many  fra-ments  of  trih,-s  of  Alironkin 
liiieaL'e-Delawares.    Molu-ans.  Mississa;;as-sou-ht   the  same  hospitahle  pndection 

which  never  failed  them,"  ..\i:aln  , I  pp.  II.".,  !Hi.  i:  "  Those  whoMippo,.etha!  the  llnnmH 

only  survive  in  n  few  Wyandots.  and  that  the  Kries.  Altiwamlaronks  and  .^ndastes  have 
ntterly  perished  are  ,i:really  mistaken.  It  is  ahsohitHv  certain  that  of  the  twelve  tlions- 
and  Imlians  who.  now  in  the  Inited  States  and  Canada,  preserve  the  Iroipiois  name, 
the  tirealer  portion  diTivc  their  d..,s,.,.„t,  in  wlnde  or  in  |.art.  from  those  comim^red  na- 
tions. Xo  other  Indian  ,.omm,iiiily.  so  far  as  we  know,  has  pursued  this  ],olicy  of  in- 
coriioration  t,)  aiiythin-  near  the  -ame  extent  or  carrieil  it  out  with  anvtliiiii.'  I'ikc  the 
came  hiiinanity." 


l,;,l,ti/.c.l  l>y  our  Fathers  k'l'oiv  tli;.t    (loun^liinir  niitlo,,  was 
(Icstrovc'l  liv  till'  arms  of  the  Iroiiiiois.  ' 

Wliilo  thrv  wcivbuiMinu-iiu'arliai'rl.  1  iM'.iiaii  vi/itiii--  tli.> 
ral^iiis  in  onicr  tu  know    tlie    jn'opK.,  ;ni.l   cliirllv  to  s.rk  out 
the  >rattrir4  sli.v].  of  th.'  ancirnl  .■linivl,  of  tlir  Hurons,  and 
en.l.'avor  to   lead  them   hark     to   the    fohl  of  Jesus  Christ. 
These  li'ood    people  were   overjoynl  to  see  me  ami   hrar  me 
speak  of  the  Faith.      It  was   n..t   possible    to  satisfv  their  .le- 
^i,T  in  this  re-ara.     Some  of  tliem  sai-l  to  me  that  it  was  not 
',.„on-h  to  prav  to  (iod  hut  on.-c  a  dav.      Others  eomplaiur.l 
tluit  1   spent  too  little   tim.'   in    preaehin.^'   of  our   LopI  and 
Paradise.     Some  of  them  even  rei>roaehed  mr  with  iKirtiahtv 
in'  that  1  hail  pr.'h'rred  others  to  th.Mn,  as  I  did  not  visit  them 
as  much  as  I  did  the  others,      indeed    these   po..r  soids  were 
schun-rv  and  thirstv    for  ri-hteonsness  smd  their  salvation, 
that  1  had  diiUeultv  in    peisuadin-  them   that  as  soon  as  the 
diapel  should  be  liuished,  their   -ond   desires  w.mld  U-  eom- 

plclelv  satistied. 

xMy  r.mnd  of  visits  bein.L'  tinislied.  I  found  about  forty 
adult  Cliristians  who  had  prescrve.l  faith  and  prayer,  been  kqft 
f,,„nthe  ..vnc.raldis..^oluteness  of  tlie  eountry  and  were  hvm- 
,n  all  the'  puritv  of  Christianity.  AH  the  rest  of  the  llurons 
.ave  proof  of -ivat  eau'erness  for  holy  bai.t.sm;  and  1  have 
remarked  in  them  an  assiduity  s..  exact  and  sueh  ."onstauey 
j„  praver.  public  an<l  private,  that  I  liave  ^^n^at  hope  that 
thev  all  will  become  devoted  Christians.  Shall  not  such 
li.l.'.litv  and  eonsiaucv  in  the  Faith  in  tluse.i  uvineible  Hu- 
rons serve  in  the  day  of  judgment  to  eondeinu  the  indolence 
.^„a  oorruptiou  of  ti.e Christians  .^f  Europe?  These  barba- 
rians, who  hiid  just  started  into  Christianity  when  the  if)- 
,,uois  compelled  them  by  force  of  arms  to  take  part  with 
them,  have  nevertheless  pre.<er\ed  for  this   lonj;  time   tlieir 


1  111  iiii'.i. 


til  111  was 

\Uu>j  the 
swk  out 
rolls,  iiiiil 
s  Christ- 
hciir  me 
their  <le- 
.  was  not 
iiipiaiiir'l 
lioT'l  ami 
IKirtiality 
isit  I  hem 
Dills  were 
salvation, 
loii  as  the 
1  lie  eoiii- 

loiit   forty 

heen  kept 

■ere  liviii,!i 

le  1  III  rot  is 

11(1  1  have 

ccnistaiiey 

hope  that 

not    sneli 

eiV)le   Ilu- 

'  indolence 

cse  Itafba- 

n  the    li'o- 

part  with 

time   their 


88 

faith  ill  the  mills!  of  tin'  eoiTiiptioii  of  a  p.'opl,'  aliaiiiloin'ij 
to  all  sorts  of  vice  ami  sii[MTsiitiou  :  ami  scarcely  were  thev 
imhunl  with  the  principles  of  the  (Hiiisiian  rcli'jion,  when 
they  Were  transporte'l  into  the  very  home  of  (lisonler  ami 
ahoininations,  ilestitiile  at  the  same  tinn' of  pastors,  ha viii,:^ 
neither  preachers  to  fortify  them  in  the  I''ailli,  imr  confessors 
to  recoiii'ile  them  with  IIimI,  ho;-  anv  of  the  extern. il  nieaits 
with  which  Kurope  is  so  amply  provi'lcd.  TImis  i.)  li\  !■  with 
liilelity,  in  ]irayers  aii'l  iiiiioeeiu'e  of  inanm'rs,  ami  with  an 
anlor  for  their  salvation  e.jiial  to  that  of  ihe  Ijrst  Chrisiians, 
is  it  not  soinethiiiL:'  that  om^ht  one  il.ay  to  put  to  shame  ihe 
weakne.-s  ami  nnfaithfiilness  of  so  maii\-  ('atholics  wlm  cor- 
rupt ami  ilestroy  themselves,  in  the  possession  uf  all  the 
means  of  piety  ami  salvation? 

As  for  till'  ( )iimiiitioijas,  'rsonmiiitoiian>  (."^eiiccas)  ami  Neu- 
ters siin'c  they  have  scarcely  evei' seen  Europeans  or  heji'ilnf 
the  i'aitli,  it  is  a  work  to  ahsorh  all  the  /eal  of  the  nii<si(iii- 
ary,  who  will  llml  it  no  small  lahor  to  enltivate  a  licM  tiie 
Kvil  <  )iie  has  possessed  for  so  many  aii'es.  The  chapel  heiiiL;- 
linisheil,  the  Iliirons  caiiie  to  pray  to  (ioi|  with  ;:i'i,'at  I'crvor. 
1  said  the  holy  mass  io  them,  and  they  assisted  with  a  rever- 
ence and  (k'votion  which  charmed  me,  and  was  pleasing-  in 
the  sight  of  Jlcaven.  .V  venerable  person  scr\'ed  me  as 
cateehist,  and  as  he  knew  tin;  prayers  well,  he  proiKniiiced 
them  with  an  ele\ated  and  distinct  voice,  easily  nnileistooii 
and  followed  by  all  the  others;  and  tins  /.eal  of  the  lliirons 
extended  even  to  their  children.  These  little  savaucs  were 
eager  to  ]>ersuade  those  of  the  other  nations  to  aecoinpany 
them  to  the  eliapel  and  |)ray  with  them.  This  eompi'lled 
their  fathers  and  motliLi's  to  eome  and  sei.'  what  they  were 
doing,  and,  in  some  cases,  to  follow  their  e.xaiinile,  to  avoid 
the  shame  of  Ik  ing  outdone  by  them. 

What  I  have  most  ailmired  in  those  lliirons  who  have 
for  many  years  bei'ii  Christians,  is  the  open  profession  which 


;i-i 


tlicv  aP''  a;'ciistniiii'.l  to  iiuilxo  of  tlicir  faith,  wliicli  is  more 
ililiirtiltlhaii  one  can  woll  iiiia^Mui',  anions!:  a  im'ii|iK' \v holly 
iiitiili'l  and  liart>aroiis.  without,  hlushiiij.''  for  the  l:iisih'1,  nor 
carinLT  foi-  the  insults  ami  ridicule  nf  ihc  pauans :  ami  so  well 
convinceil  were  iiic  other  nations  of  tlieir  constancy  in  the 
Faith,  that  they  ,i;'ive  iheui  no  nther  name  tlian  that  oi  l>e- 
lii'vers,  ami  The  l'"aithful :  and  such  is  the  repuiatidii  two  of 
them  have  ai'ijuireil  in  the  entire  reninn  for  virtue,  that  all 
the  |ieo|i|e  I'evcre  ihelll. 

One  of  these  oears  the  iiiuiK!  of  .lames  Atondo  and  the 
othei'  Francis  Ti-oroiddonLfo.  The  first  e'iv(w  himself  almost 
(•out  in  nail  V  to  |iravci',  and  in  his  oi'dinary  conversation  speaks 
onlv  of  (idd,  alike  to  Christians  and  infidels.  lie  is  very 
exact  in  his  dliservanee  of  all  the  eommandnu'iits  ot  (iod. 
'•  If  von  hut  knew."  he  is  vvont  to  say  to  them  "  what  prayer 
is  and  the  power  it  has  to  make  us  happy,  you  woulu  all 
iir;iv  ti)  ( ioil  without  c(>asinL;'.  ^  <iu  are  so  careful  in  doiiLi' 
all  that  voiu'  dreams  rcipiire:  you  span*  neither  feasts  nor 
presents,  nor  any  cx[ieuse  to  render  them  pi'opitious  and 
secure  through  them  .trood  success  in  lishiuti-.  in  huntiu.u'.  and 
in  war,  and  a  lon^'  life  as  well  :  Itnt  nevertheless  yon  .see 
plainlv  that  vou  are  involved  in  poverty  and  misery  :  that 
sickness  and  the  eueiiiy  are  every  day  takini:- many  of  you 
out  of  the  world.  As  for  myseli',  I  pray  to  the  Master  of 
Heaven  and  earth,  and  llu;  Sovcreiiin  Lord  of  our  lives,  ami 
lie  eivesnie  strong-  audi  viu'orous  lu'alth  at  an  age  very  ad- 
vanced. I  catch  ordinarily  more  tisli  than  you;  1  am,  by  His 
graci',  lielter  oil'  than  mui  are,  and  what  overwhelms  me  with 
joy  is.  that  when  I  come  to  die,  I  liojie  to  he  happy  to  all 
eternity:  and  as  for  yo'\  otlu>rs.  you  will  only  exchaii.ui.'  the 
evils  of  this  wretched  life  for  torineuts  and  eternal  tires." 

The  second  named  Francis  Teoroiihioiigo  who  was  formerly 
the  host  of  the  late   Father  Le    Moyne,'    is  an  i)ld  man  of  a^i- 

I  See  iR-connt  in  lithdhn  Wi'2,  p.  H. 


;io 


i.<  \nnvo 

:•  \V  111  illy 
Sprl.    lllll' 

1  <n  well 
•V  ill  the 
lit  of  He- 
ll two  (if 
■.  tlmt  ;dl 

aii<!  tlic 
If  aliniist 
III  s  I  leak's 

is     VlTV 

1 1|  ( li  II 1. 
it  prayer 
A-iiiilu  all 

ill  iloiiu' 
easts  nor 
mils  aii^l 
liiiu'.  ami 

vol  I  see 
TV  :  that 
ly  of  villi 
blaster  of 
ives,  ami 

very  ait- 
1,  liy  His 

me  with 
py  to  nil 
laii.u'e  the 
ires.  " 

i'onnerly 
laii  of  ap- 


jii'oviil  faith,  ami  lias  not.  passed  a  siiiLrJeday  in  tweiitvseven 
year-  without  sayimr  prayers.  He  h.as  instnieteil  his  wife 
ami  ehiMivii  ill  the  K.tith  ami  reared  Ins  eiitiic  faiiiilv  in 
lioliiir<<.  Now  that  he  is  iiitellijj-eiit  iii  our  invslcries  and 
as  lie  IS  familiar  with  the  history  of  the  New  'reslanieni,  his 
j^realesl  pleasure  is  in  diseoni>inm  about,  it  to  all  iie  merts, 
both  Christian  and  heathen,  .so  that,  if  tiie  L'ospel  had  ne\-er 
been  piiblislird  in  this  eoiinlry  by  the  ini.ssioiiaries.  he  alone 
had  spoken  (.•iioii-h  of  it,  to  justify  the  wavsof  (iud  eoiici'i'ii- 
iiiLi  human  siihation. 

lb'  has  said  to  me  many  tiiiifs,  tliiil  dnrim;  the  tweiitv 
years  he  has  been  separated  from  our  I'athers.  he  srarcelv 
passed  a  day  witliuiit  e.arnestlv  beseeeliiiiLi- our  iiord  the  ^raee 
that  lie  should  not  die  before  beiny  eoiifessed  and  without 
haviim-  pi'eviously  prayeil  to  (iod  with  some  one  of  the  mis- 
sioiiarie.^.  "Ah  my  (lod,"  he  said,  •' Thoii  hast  shown  .so 
.ureat  indiil-i'iiee  for  me:  Tlioii  hast  already  ,l!  ran  ted  nii' .so 
many  fa\drs,  wilt  Thou  refuse  mo  thi.s  that  I  now  ask  ?  Shall 
I  be  So  unhappy  as  to  die  without  boiiiu  eoiifes.<ed?  Ilast 
Thoii  ealled  me  to  Christianity,  only  to  leave  me  to  linish  m'v 
life  without  partieipatin.u'  in  its  holy  mysteries'.'  'i'hr  frailtv 
ol  man  i~  so  <^' real  and  his  n.atiire  so  inclined  to  sin.  that  I 
have  slroiiL''  iv;ison  to  tremble  as  jjaiiltv  befoi'e  Thee,  and  de- 
.servin;.^- death  eternal.  And  what  will  it  avail  me  to  have 
bi'cn  b;ipii/.ed,  to  ii;ive  prayed  to  Thee,  if  1  am  to  br  .-o 
wretched  as  to  lie  linally  damned  ?  Xo,  no.  mv  Cod,  1  hope 
for  this  favor  of  Thy  mercy.  Thou  art  all  powi/rfiil  :  and 
when  Thou  do.st  will  it.  our  Fathers  will  come  to  iusli'uet  us. 
and  I  trust  in  Thy  pity,  that  I  will  not,  end  niv  life  without 
the  beiu'lit  of  reeeivinii'  the  saeranu.ait.s."  I  doubt,  not  th.at 
]irayers  so  sacred  may  have  eontri'xited  niiieh  to  the  cstab. 
lishmeiit  <if  tnis  mi.ssion.  On  learning  of  my  arrival,  the  lirst 
ihin;j-  he  said  to  mo  was,  "  At  last  Cod  has  heard  me.  Con- 
fess me." 


8H 

At  !iiiiitiit'r  time  wlifii  convcrsiiiii'  with  liiiii  nf  liis  dccc'i^fil 
|>aifiits.  Ill' s;ii(|  :  "  Why  slmulil  1  n'grct  thfin?  My  iiKitlicr 
dii'il  iiiiiiir'liati'ly  afirr  iccciv  i  n;^  liaptisin.  Ahuost  all  iiiv 
iii'ar  rchilivcs  liavr  yirlih'il  ihcir  smils  into  ihr  hainls  of  the 
Fathi-rs  who  iiiivc  made  them  Christiui;s.  'I'hfv  arc  all  hapiiv 
ill  Paradise.  I  liopc  soon  to  l'o  ainl  lind  tlicni.  Thf  j^reatest 
uiilia|i)iiiicss  I  have  had  in  iiiy  lile,"  he  adilcil  with  a  sIliIi. 
"  is  that  one  of  my  cliildi'di  died  some  \eai's  since,  wiilioiit 
i)eiiiir  iilile  to  confess  his  sins.  He  was  ihiri\  years  old.  He 
had  livi'd  liadly,  and  tlionuh  I  had  taken  pains  to  make  him 
a  L^xxl  man,  he  des|)i.se(l  i'i|na!lv  the  law  of  (iod  and  the 
warnini;  of  his  father:  and  what  allliets  me  sorely  is  thai  he 
died  in  this  sad  condition,  without  the  opiiortunit  v  of  licinu' 
reeoncile(l  \yith  (iod  by  eonfession.  I  haveonly  oiio  child  in 
the  world,  and  he  is   at    present   ont  to  war.      If  (iod  di-pose 

ot  him.  I    shall    haye  Imt  little  Irouhle  n nsolinL;-  nnself, 

since  thou  did'sl  confess  him  jnsl  hefoiv  he  went  awav."' 
This  goes  to  show  what  ideas  our  sayaL'^es  haye  of  Paradise 
wliilc  as  yet  they  are  not  fully  inslriieted  in  our  mysteries. 

I  hapti/.ed  the  past  year  a  young  woman  of  the  more  dis- 
tingiiished  of  .S'lieci,  who  died  the  day  after  lier  liaplism. 
The  mother  was  iiieonsolahle  at  her  loss,  since  our  sa\a'jes 
show  extraordinary  all'ection  for  their  eliililren  :  and  as  I 
was  cndeayoring  to  calm  her  grief  liy  representing  the  inli- 
nite  hap[iiiu'ss  her  daughter  was  enjoying  in  Heaven,  she 
artlessly  said  : 

••  Thou  dost  not  understand.  She  was  a  mistto.ss  here,  and 
had  at  her  command  more  than  twenty  slaves  who  are  still 
with  me.  She  never  knew  what  it  was  to  go  to  the  forest 
to  liriiiii'  wood  or  to  the  river  to  draw  water.'      She  knows 


'  This  [(nihahly  Imd  refcri'iici' I.)  tliu  villau'^'  T.)tiiuti)ii  iiortli-wi'st  of  IlmiiMiyc  Kails 
wlitTf  tlio  river  \vii«  not  f.ir  (listiint  from  tlie  town.  Tli  s  win  I'i'^lit  yciirH  jjri'vions  to 
Or.'i'iiliii';,'!!'!'  vi«lt  in  KlTi'.  Willie  resiiliii:;  on  the  site  Hoiith-west  of  the  falls  they  proh- 
alily  olitaiiieil  water  from  the  sinull  liniok  llowiiii  west  of  tlie  vllla''e.— .1.  S,  ('. 


;{; 


ItlolllCI' 

;ill  my 
s  dl'  the 
1  liiiiiiiy 
Lii'oati'st 

!i  sijjii. 
k\itli(int 
M.      lie 

ikc  liim 
nut   the 

th.'il   lie 

'liil.l  III 
(lisjiose 
myself, 
awiiv." 
'iiriidisi' 

•  Ill'  (lis- 
laplisiii. 
sa\!i;4L's 
mI    as    I 

lie  inli- 
c'li,  she 

M'f,  and 
arc  still 
e  forest 

•  knows 

eoyc  Fulls 
rovicms  to 
tlifv  prob- 


lintliin^'  nlioiit  lioiise-keepiii^r.  Xow,  I  have  no  doiil.t  thai 
heiiij;  for  the  |ireseiit  the  only  oiio  of  our  faniilv  in  I'ar 
(idise,  slio  will  have  iini<'li  troiilile  to  aceiisiom  herself  to 
the  rliaiij,'e,  for  she  will  he  eom|ielle(l  to  (In  her  nwii  ccok 
in^.  ^'<>  for  wood  and  water  and  provide  with  her  own  hand- 
what  sh(«  neeils  to  eat  and  ilrink.  in  truth,  is  she  not  to  hr 
pitieil  in  having'  no  peisoii  who  is  able  to  s<'rve  hi'r  in  that 
plaee'.'  Thon  seist  here  one  of  my  slaves  who  is  siik.  1 
pray  thee  instrnrl  her  fully  and  show  her  the  path  In  Heaven, 
that  she  Ity  no  means  miss  tlu'way.  I>nt  that  she  inav  lio  and 
lod>.^!  with  my  dan;,diter  !iiid  relieve  her  of  all  the  !ill"airs  ..f 
her  household." 

1  look  advantai.a>  of  the  oeeasion  and  of  t  he  smi|ilieil  \  if 
this  woman,  to  instruct  the  sick  slave  I  spokr  to  her:  I 
found  her  disposed  to  listen  to  me;  1  e.\horled  her:  I  in- 
stnietod  her:  sin;  opened  lur  eyes  to  the  triilh  and  desired 
of  me  liaptism,  whieh  I  eoiild  not.  refns  •,  tliinkiii'^-  her  in  iin- 
me(|iale  dantrer  of  death.  IJnt  (in|  determineil  otlierwisi'. 
for  in  time  her  health  was  reston.'d  ;  and  now  she  cMndnety 
herself  in  all  respeets  as  a  W(»rtliy  Christian. 

After  a  while,  as  1  .^onuht  to  instniet  the  mistres<--lie 
having  graiinally  given  np  her  low  and  gross  notions  ol 
J'aradise— to  enable  her  to  form  a  more  correct  and  wortliv 
idea  of  supreme  ha|ipiness,  she  assured  me  that  there  wa> 
nothing  in  the  world  she  was  not  willing  to  do  to  reach  the 
]ilace;  that  she  was  resolveil  tu  go  iind  join  her  (]augliter.  tn 
dwell  with  her  in  the  same  blessed  sojourn  :  after  which  slie 
remained  faithful  in  ))rayer  and  a.ssiduous  in  the  means  of 
instruction.  She  maiiifesied  the  same  zeal  in  h;ivintf  all 
iter  slaves  instructed  how  to  pray  to  (iod  :  and  it  may  !)e  saiil 
that  tlirough  her  alone,  there  were  won  to  (iod  more  than 
twenty  persons. 

During  the  six  niontiis  since  I  came  here,  I  have  baptized 
twenty  or  twenty-five  savages.     There  are  besides,  ten  or 


88 

f.votvi-  a.liilt.s  wliu  HIT  pivpiin-.l  t(.  r.-.-eiw  tliat  .•iii.TMiiinif. 
Owiiii'  to  til.'  umisuiillv  iiliiiiitlaiil  harvest  of  walnut-*  tins 
vcar.  till'  jnv  of  till'  pcKi.li'  is  so  jfrcal.  lliat  i>nc  sf.v^  -.cinivly 
iiiivlliiii-  lint  -anii'S,  (limce^and  feasts  wliirli  lli.-;  earrv  even 
to  .jelani'li.  althoii^'li  they  have  n..  other  Si'asonin-  than  lii.' 
oil.  '  l')iil  what  eonsoies  nie  in  all  these  ilisMi-,lei<  i-,  that 
i.nlv  two  of  onr  Christians  have  laeki-il  the  eonni-e  i..  ivsist 
the'  soli<'itatii>iis  of  the  soiverer,  to  make  a  eeriain  «noer>ti- 
tions   hani|net    \\\   which  all   who  join    th.'   .lanee,  ihr..w    \u>\ 

nshos  on  tin'  siek,  thinkin-  this  In  !»•  a  s.-veivien  iv .Iv  for 

the  .lisease. 

The  lroi|Uois,  stfietl.v  speak inu',  liavi'  hnt  a  sin-h-  l»ivMnty 
and  that  the  i)ivani.  'I'hev  remler  it  ahsolnte  snKnn-i"n. 
and  fi.Ilow  all  its  di'inands  with  sernpnlons  exa  •ines-.  .  he 
Seneeas  af<'  nuieh  more  di^vote.l  than  the  others,  'I'heir 
reliuion.  in  this  iv^avd.  '/ofs  to  the  last  serni'l.',  .-inee  what- 
ever thev  snpliose  is  told  them  in  tlie  divain.  they  linld  llieni- 
selvL's  al.solutelv  lionnd  \<>  exeento  as  speedily  as  possihle. 
Tho  otlior  nations  ennlent  themselves  with  ohservin'.'  the 
in,.re  important  dream<  :  Imt  this  people  who  are  k.nked 
upon  as  living  nioiv  reii-ionsly  than  tlx'ir  nei-lil"Ms,  llnnk 
themselves  uuiltv  of  a  ^Tuatsiiiif  they  disro;^ard  even  one. 

Thev  think  of  tiothiniji'  else;  they  talk  of  nolhin--  ei^e:  all 
their  c'ahins  an;  full  of  thoir  ilfeaiiis.     The;,    spare  no  lul.or 


I  ••TlH'.v  imrcli  tljiMrimt»niul  ii.oni^  over  tlie  flre  to  tnkf  iiway  llicir  riiiik  nillnca», 
HhU'l.  ufU'nv.inU  iiru.-ml,  yirld  a  milky  li.iii.  r,  nml  llu-  iiii.rii-  an  an.lHT-n.l.iir.l  oil. 
hi  tliese  mini.'U'il  t(i-<'tli.T.  tlu-y  <ll|i  thc-ir  nikc«  at  i;r.Ml  ciiHTt.iiiimoit-.  ami  m)  -ervu 
tlii-miil)li>llu'irnm"'<*aHaMi'Xlra<ir(llM;iry.luinty."I,f(l,Trr'-l)is.-„u.riislii'W  ;i'.p.-Jl. 
••  lU-TTBKSi  r.-TlK'  kiTiiul  is  Iliick  ami  cily  iiml  "uu"  •"■'■miiPH  ramid  ;  licnci'.  iloiiht- 
lodi.  are  iIitIvimI  tlir  nami'H  of  I!mII>tiui1  and  Oilnnt.  Tlic«r  mil.-  ar,-  rardy  wlu  In  tti.' 
mar'kef  of  Nf*  Vork  ami  I'liiladrlidda.  Tlu'  Indian-  who  irdiahilnl  llii-.  ;-o-lon-. 
noiimltMl  and  l.oik'd  tUon.  and  s,.]ianilinu'  tlio  oily  nnh-lancc  wlml.  e.w.,m  upon  iHr  Mil- 
face  mixed  it  with  their  food."  North  American  Sylvii,  translated  froai  the  French  of 
V  ANM.iiKw  .Mi.MAix-farH,  INlii  Vol.  l,p.  m.  -  Siiku.-IUkk  Hi.  kokv.  -The  In- 
dian- who  lnhal.it  the  »l.ores  of  I.ake  Krie  ami  Lake  Michi^-an.  lay  m.  a  -t.ne  of  these 
nuts  for  the  winter,  a  iiart  of  which  th-y  ponnd  in  wocmUm,  mortars,  and  hoiluiL'  Mie  paste' 
ill  water,  colled  the  oily  mutter  wideh  >«  ims  npoii  the  surface,  to  sea-nii  theirahim-ms 
Ih.  p.  lH.-).-J.  S.  ('. 


m 


,ii'  [i;nii-  til  iii;iiiil'''.-t  their  ilr\  uIidh.  hipI  lli"ir  lolly  mi  tins 
Xtlliji'cl  Llni'S  t'l  till'  l;l-l  lili'iiJill'i'  111'  cXi-i'S-i  iliiau  i  Hillilc  (illi' 
.ir.Miii.-  tlili  in;.'  tin'  iiiulit  lii:i!  lie  li;i-i  iKillM'.iiiiiii-rlf  :  ii|hmi 
\vlii<'li  111'  I'isi's  iiiiinrdiati'ly.  wliolly  iiaki'd.  o.ii's  tn  a  iiiiiiilur 
(if  I'Mliiii"".  ill  i-ai'h  III"  \vlii''li  III'  iiiaki's  tlif  iiiiiiatts  tlii'nw  umt 
|ii<  ImhIv  a  ki'Itli'  lull  iif  '.vatcr.  Ihiwcvit  tmI.!  it  iiia;>  1h', 
AimiIIh'I'  wImi  ili-raiiicii  liial  In'  was  taken  (M|iI ivi' ni' liuriini 
alive,  eaiiseil  li  m>elf  t>i  lielhiiiiiil  the  h  illnwinu' ila\,  al'tei'  the 
iiianner  uf  a  prisoner  to  lie  liuiiieij,  |iersiiailiii,<4  liiiiisell'  tliat 
havini:  ill  this  wiiv  siitis|iei|  liis  ilreiim,  his  liilelity  wmilil 
!i\ert  I'loiii  him  liie  paiii  ainl  infamy  nf  eaiitivitv  i>r  ileatli. 
whii'h  otherwise  it  Inul  heeii  rescale.l  hy  lii<  iliviiiiiy  he 
should  sillier  atiioii;^  his  I'liemies. 

There  ai'e  some  wlio  liave  lieen  as  far  as  (^tiii'liee.  ami  trav- 
eleil  one  humlred  and  fifty  leagues  to  have  a  i\"'j:  whieli  tlii'V 
hail  di-eanied  llieveould  pnrehase  thei'e.  It  iseasy  froiii  this 
to  indue  in  what  peril  we  are  every  day  aiiioii'.''  ;i  people  who 
would  tomaliaw!<  ns  in  eold  lilood.  if  they  dreamed  they 
oneht  to  do  this.  Since  it  is  a  little  tliiirj  that  uives  olVeiici' 
to  a  sava'jc.  it  is  eas\'  for  his  imaLiiiiatioii  miee  exeited.  to 
represent  to  him  in  a  di'eam  that  ht^  should  take  veiiLteaiice 
on  liim  who  had  caused  tlie  oU'euec^  \V(' appear  to  ourselves 
as  vietims  liahle  to  l)e  taken  anv  moment  to  'orture;  and 
since  one  is  mai'le  to  die  a  hundred  lillle•^  hy  the  ever  ]ire,-eiit 
ima'jc  of  ileath,  we  esteem  oiii'sclves  liippy  in  a|iproacliiii.L: 
so  near  to  martyrdom. 

The  inlidel  women.  Kv  inclinatiou  natural  to  the  sex,  are 
the  iiioi'c  devotcil  ill  oliscrvinu'  their  dri'.ams,  and  followiiiL' 
the  eoimnands  of  this  idol.  It  is  true  that,  the  worslii|i  which 
this  people  render,  would  rather  p!i.ss  l\)r  a  superstition  than 
ii  form  of  idolatry,  as  they  neither  pay  adoration  to  the  dream 
nor  oll'er  it  any  sacritiee.  They  ari'  contidciit  from  a  eeilain 
infallililc  experience,  that  whatever  tliey  dream  and  fail  to 
execute,  it  alwavs  I'oiiu's  liai-k   to  (hem  in   some  misfortune, 


40 

iiivsttM'ionslv  ox)ii'osse(l  in  tlio  dreniii.  1  linve  roinarkod  at 
the  same  time,  that  tlie  greater  ]»art  of  tliese  savages  are 'at 
less  pains  to  obey  their  dreams  whih"  in  liealtli,  but  the  mo- 
ment tlicv  have  the  sliglitest  aihnent,  th(>y  are  persuaded 
that  there  is  no  sueh  sovereign  remedy  for  tlieir  liealing,  and 
to  save  their  hfe.  as  to  do  all  they  have  dreamed.  The  sor- 
cerers, who  an;  the  same  as  ju'iests  of  tlieir  divinity,  eontri- 
l)iite  not  a  lilllf  to  establish  them  in  this  superstition,  sineo, 
thcv  are  ahvavs  called  in  to  explain  the  dream  :  and,  since 
they  i<no\v  adnnrably  well  how  to  turn  it  to  their  prolit.  they 
live  and  enrich  themselves  of  this  jioor  people,  who,  so  soon 
as  thcv  ai'c  sick,  s]iaiv  nothing  in  doing  whatever  the  sorcerer 
declares  the  drram  ordains.' 

This  is  the  greatest  obstacle  to  the  spread  of  the  Faith 
among  the.se  people  ;  and  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  it  is 
the  one  stumbling  block  to  the  Christian  ;  since  as  to  drunk- 


1  FtitlUM-  (If  Cai'lilol.  who,  wlicn  niiiDii'^  tliij  C.iyii'^iH.  ^:lvi!  tliis  ^'^lll,i••^•t  of  ilri'iiins  jinr. 
tionliir  iiltomion.  iiiiil  scciiH  to  liiivu  bocii  mori'  than  iisnully  siicccssfiil  in  convinciiii;  the 
Indian  minil  of  tlic  iili.-nrdity  of  yiclilinu'  tlicm  implicit  ohi^liencc,  writi'S  :  "  I  liavf  oar 
ni'<lly  Ciinnatud  thsir  snpcr-titions,  |):iniiMilai-ly  tin;  divine  aiitliority  tlioy  nitnbntt,'  to 
dreams,  which  may  lie  caid  t!)  he  the  Ibundalio!)  of  all  their  errors,  as  it  is  the  sonl  of 
their  ivli'4ioii.  I  havi;  neverlhelesa  recoi;iiized  two  thiiiL's  In  my  elTorts  to  eoml)at  if 
I'Mrst,  that  it  is  nut  properly  thedre.mi  that  tliey  worship  as  th?  master  of  their  life,  hiit 
a  certain  one  of  the  jienii  they  ciiU  Ai,Mtkoachoria,  who  they  helieve  speak  to  tlu  i  in 
8lee|)  anrl  comnianil  them  to  ohey  implicitly  tlieir  dreams.  The  prin<'ipnl  one  of  these 
spirits  is  Taronhiaona'.'on  (I'pliolder  of  the  lieavens  )  whom  Ihey  reco;,'nize  as  a  divinity 
and  ohey  as  the  supreme  ma-ter  of  their  life;  and  wlien  tlu'y  speak  of  a  dream  as  divine, 
they  only  mean,  that  it  i^  throiiiih  it  they  know  the  will  of  (iod  and  what  is  iiecessary 
for  the  preservation  of  thei'-life:  and  furtherim)re  that  the  actual  (loin;;of  the  thiii'.'s 
ihey  had  seen  in  a  dream,  contrihntes  to  promote  their  health  and  happiness.  They  also, 
sometimes  give  the  name  of  the  master  of  their  life  to  theohject^of  their  dreams,  as  for 
example  to  the  skin  of  a  bear  or  to  similar  thinsrs  which  they  have  seen  in  their  sleep  ; 
and  because  they  rejiard  them  as  ch'inns  to  which  God  has  attached  tlie  good  fortune  of  a 
loni:  life.  Thns  they  take  special  care  to  preserve  them  with  this  view,  and  when  they 
are  sick  cover  themselves  with  them  or  place  them  near  their  persons  as  a  defence 
aL'aiiist  the  attacks  of  disease.  The  second  tliini;  I  have  recoj;nized  in  combatint;  the 
4ibedieiiee  they  render  to  their  dreams,  is  tlnit  they  are  not  able  to  nntlerstand  how  the 
sonl  acts  durinc  sleep,  in  thns  reiiresentin.u  lo  them  objects  distant  and  absent,  as  if  near 
and  present.  They  persna<le  themselves  that  the  sonl  (piits  the  body  dnrins,'  sleep,  and 
that  it  L'oes  of  itself  in  search  of  the  tnim,'s  dreamed  and  to  the  places  where  they  see 
them  ;  and  it  returns  into  the  body  toward  tlie  end  of  the  ni.iiht,  when  all  dreams  are 
dissiraled."    See  AVi//;/  Chiijitn-not'  Ciujiiija  Ilhtury,  pp.  .')!.  .").">. 


Mimrkod  at 
ages  iuv'iii 
ut  tilt'  mo- 

])orsua(lc(l 

.'iiliiig,  ami 

The  s..r- 

ity,  c'oiitri- 

itioii.  since 

ami,  since 
|)rolit.  tliey 
lid,  SI)  soon 
,lie  sorcerer 

tjie  Faith 
ly  that  it  is 
s  to  (Iruiik- 

of  ilreiims  iinr. 
1  oi)nvini-ini;tlu' 
s  ;  "  I  Imvc  car 
ley  altnbiit(,'  to 
it  i«  till'  siinl  iif 
ts  to  coml)at  if 
>f  tlu'ir  lifi',  liii( 
jieak  to  111.  1  in 
)iil  one  (if  lliesc 
ize  as  a  iliviiiitj' 
Ireani  ns  divine, 
liat  is  iieceRsary 
ns;  of  llic  tliiiif;s 
less.  They  also, 
r  ilienins,  as  for 

in  tlieir  sieep  ; 
(lod  fortune  of  a 
,  and  when  they 
ills  as  a  defenf  0 
1  conihatint;  the 
erstand  how  the 
hsent,  as  if  near 
nrinj,'  sleep,  niul 

where  they  sec 
I  all  dreams  are 


41 

entiCfS,  strongly  as  tliey  are  adilieted  to  it,  iievcrtlieless,  the 
women  ami  old  men  do  not  abandon  themselves  to  excess. 
One  is  thus  enabled  to  lioiic  that  tlieir  example  and  the  zeal 
of  the  missionaries,  may  moderate  the  (le|H)riment  of  the 
young  warriors  who  breathe  only  for  lilood  and  brandv. 

For  the  overthrow  of  this  siipeislitioii  of  the  dream.  I  hate 
loiind  no  method  more  ellicaeious,  than  to  make  them  sec 
clearly  and  by  way  of  inference,  that  the  faithfnlness  of  anv 
number  of  people  whom  they  know  to  have  carried  out  the 
observance  of  their  dreams,  has  neither  saveil  them  from  death 
or  cajitivity,  nor  from  destruction  itself  of  their  entire  nation, 
'riiis  coiisidiM'atioii  has  served  me,  in  this  ci'untrv,  to  uiide- 
eeive  and  open  the  eyes  (if  many,  ilins  leading  them  to  dcti-st 
the  whole  thing,  both  the  siiiierstitioii  of  the  dream  and  the 
i)ad  faith  of  the  sorcerer. 

Nevertheless,  in  gereral.  we  mav  sa\-,  that  there  is  nothing 
more  ellicaeious  to  attract  the  Iroipiois  to  the  ]''aith.  tli;iii  to 
subdue  their  pride  by  the  might  of  arms  :  and  bv  as  much 
as  they  fear  those  of  the  I'Veiicli,  will  they  lessen  the  ol)sta- 
eles  to  their  conversion. 

(iodhashis  elect  not  only  among  the  Inxpiois  wher,.  he 
has  ills  missionaries,  but  he  jiermits  them  to  go  forth  carrv- 
iiig  war  to  regions  most  distant,  and  bring  back  captives  to 
introduce  them  into  the  sacred  liliei'ty  of  thechildren  of  God 
and  tlieiic(>  to  Paradise,  from  the  jiri.sons  and  lires  of  the  Iro- 
(piois.  'Julius  we  are  leil  to  adore  from  dav  to  dav  the  hidden 
and  mysterious  ways  of  Divine  Pnn-idenee  toward  liis  elect. 

Two  captives  of  the  Gandastojjue  having  been  brought 
here  to  be  burned,  according  to  the  custom,  the  first  being 
so  well  instructed  and  giving  all  the  marks  of  u  saintlv  dis- 
position to  receive  baptism,  1  conferred  it,  and  after  fifteen 
hours  of  terrible  torture  which  he  er.dured  with  true  Chris- 
tian resignation,  he  left  the  earth  to  go  to  Heaven.  The 
other  at  the  first,  was  unwilling  to  listen   to  me,  and  ha,ving 


42 


rej)Lillt;<l  me  iiuuiv  times,  I  was  at   leuirth  romiielled  lo  leave 
him,  tliat  at  liis  leisure  he  mi.i^lit  rellert  on  what.  I  said  to  him 
of  iieaveii  ami  hell  :   l)Ut  in  a  sliort   time  he  ealleil  me  to  him 
of  his  own  ai'eonl,  savinir  that  it  was  all  Liood,  and  tiiat  he 
wished  tt)  obey  (Jod  and  he  save<l.      1  hapti/.ed  him  on  ^ivin^; 
liiiii  tlie  nceessai'V   instruction,   after  which   it  was  manifest 
that  faith  was  truly  wrou<ilit  in   his  heart.      He  was  taken 
immediately  to  the  place  of  toi'tnrc.  and  from  the  happy  mo- 
ment of  his  conversion   to  his   latest  hi-eath,  he  sanii'  all  tlie 
time,  with  a  courage   invincihle—  "  Bnrii   my   liody  to  yotir 
heart's  content:   tear  it  in   ]iieces:   this  loitMre  will  soon  lie 
over,  after  which  1   ,l;o  to  heaven  :    I  ,l;o   to   hcaxcn   there  to 
he  clcrnallv  happv."      I Ic  pi'ononnced   these  words  with  sneh 
faith  and  so  Lireal  fervor,  that  one  of  our  L^dod  Christians  who 
witnessed  the  linrnin,:!'.  and   who  did    not    know   that    1    had 
instructed   and    hapti/.cd    him,    said    to    those   standimj'    hv  : 
••'I'liis  captive  has  truly  the  Faith  :   it  must  ecrtainly  1m-  that 
he  has  hecn  instructdl  li\-  soiuc  one  of  mir  [''atlicrs.  who  is  at 

<  iiinda-^toLlUe 

Thus  it  is  that  (ioil  -ath'.''s  his  clecL  from  all  parts  of  iln' 
World.  A  woman  who  had  lieeii  taken  prisouei' from  a  e.iun- 
trv  far  distant,  .-ome  (la\-  after  hi'i'  arrival  here,  was  sei/.ed 
with  a  daiiLifrous  malady.  1  repaireil  immediately  to  the 
e;iliiii  where  she  wa.s  to  endeavor  to  insti'uct  her:  hni  she 
eou'.d  not  understan'.l  me.  as  1  was  iiziiorant  of  the  laneuanc 
of  lu'i'  (.'ounlrv,  and  it  was  not,  pos.-ihle  to  lind  any  one  to  a<'t 
as  inter[ireler.  1  saw  nevcrthek'ss  that  she  w;is  rapidly  sink- 
iiitf,  and  that  she  was  ahoyt  to  enter  the  tinal  aii'oiiy.  Ki'om 
that  moment  mv  heart  was  cut  with  uricf  at  sceiuL''  tiie  loss 
ot' a  poor  soul  whii'h  <iod  had  hrou^ht  to  the  vi'rv  threshold 
of  I'arailise,  JA'avini:- the  caliin,  wholly  penetrated  witliaih'c- 
tion  and  .sorrow,  1  took  myself  to  prayer  and  comnientlcd  to 
(iod  the  salvation  of  this  soul  with  all  the  fervor  of  which  \ 
was  capable:   1  employed  at  this  .-ame  p.iint  the  merit  of  the 


4:>, 


I  l()  k'uvc 

ill    to   IlilH 

ic  to  him 
(1  that  lie 
i>ii  ^ivin^l 
iiianit'cst 
.•as  taki'M 
appy  iiii>- 
ii<f  all  the 

•  to   voiir 

II  Sooll    III' 

I  thi'rr  to 
with  sin-h 
tians  who 
lat  1  hail 
iliiiii'  I'V  : 
iy  Ih'  that 
who  is  at 

Ills  of  ilir 

III  a  i-oiiii- 
was  si'i/.cil 
•Iy  to  till- 
• :    Init  shi' 

•  la'iiLiuai!!' 
one  to  ai't 
liilly  siiik- 

W.  i'Voiil 
IIL!'  till'  loss 
thrcslioM 
with  ailVc- 
iiicniU'il  to 
111'  which  1 
ii'i'it  of  the 


Holy  \'ir:^iii  of  all  lilt!  saints.  At  last,  having' I'oi' a  Ioii.l'- tiuii' 
iiivoki'il  till' coiiipassioii  of  oil!'  Ij.ii'il  ill  lichalf  of  this  woman, 
I  was  sti'oii'jiy  iiirliiii'il  to  rrtiirn  to  her  caliin  ami  n'roiniuit 
her  ti  I  her  l;ooi1   Aii'jrI. 

Si-aii'i'ly  ha.il  1  iloiu'tlit!  oiit>  ami  the  othi'i-,  wlini  I  saw  m- 
Irr  two  vvoiiicii  whom  I  iliil  not  know,  anil  who  wen  ii,.t  ,if 
till'  town  whciv  j  ri'siilr:  thr  one  aiiil  then  tin'  oiIht  ap- 
|iroai-lii'il  iii'ar  tlif  sirk  oiir  ami  LiiviiiL:'  her  iiianv  rarcssi-.  a<- 
snrril  lur  that  thry  wen'  roiiu'  to  coiisoli'  hrr  ami  that  tln'v 
woiilil  liy  no  mrans  Iravr  ln'i'.  A  nii'i'tintj-  so  ha|i|iv.  -o  im- 
lookril  joi'.  lii'i'atly  surjirisi'd  ini',  .-im'c  |  rui;|i|  not  lint  think' 
that  this  meant  tiiat  (iod  had  sent  two  .Xiilii'Is  from  llraM'n 
to  iiistnici  ami  liaptizt'  this  poor  woman.  I  ihrn  a>ki'il  if 
they  were  williiiL;'  to  ser\e  me  as  interpreters,  to  |iroeiiiv  for 
the  siek  person,  alioni  to  expire,  eternal  happiness.  Thev 
lioth  oilVri'il  tlii'm<elves  to  remler  this  'jooil  o!lici..  I  ,.x. 
pl.aineil  to  her  the  mysteries  of  ,,\\v  Kaitii  :  tinv  repratfil  ;i!l 
my  worils  in  her  laiiLiuaL'e.  with  plainness  ami  also  siirh 
niietion  as  enli-liteiieil  the  spirit  of  the  sick  one  ami  at  the 
same  time  tonrheil  her  heart.  I  wa-  ileiiLihlcil  with  the  zeal 
ami  h'l'Vor  wit!;  whieii  eacli  of  these  l;ooi|  catcdiists  lalored 
forth"  instrnctioii  ofiais  hiiviurn'r.  'I'he\- exhorted  iicr  and 
pressed  her  to  ipiickly  open  \[i'\-  o\r<  to  the  truth,  siiiec  she 
had  Imt  a  verv  short  time  to  live. 

They    pointed    her  to  the  open     liea\'ell  leadv    to  reeeiee   \\fV. 

Not  eomeiit  with  faithfully  inti'rpretiiiL'-  mv  woi'ds,  tiii  \- 
ai|il','d.  themselves.  inoti\es  and  re;i<nns.  which  at  la^1  eom- 
pclled  this  poor  woman,  who  was  sc.-ircelv  .-dile  to  speal^.  to 
make  a  linal  elVort  for  her  salvation,  ."^he  then  eansd  me 
to  approach  her  lied  and  .irave  me  to  perceive  that  (Iod  ilini- 
self  had  instructed  lior,  iiiid  that.  He  had  in  tlii<  short  time 
wrought  in  her  "reat  things,  j  haplized  her  as  ipiicklv  as 
possihle,  seeiiiL:'  her  so  well  disposed,  and  in  some  moments 
aftei-,  she  expired  to  go  and  possess  in   heaven  eternal  ,L:lor\-. 


44 


Is  not  tliis  a  miracle  of  the  .Ln-aco  of  dod  (  And  should 
w.'  not  he  tlin<'e  lini-py  that  lli>  is  so  willin.L,'  to  serve  llirn- 
solf  of  us.  as  the  instniiaeut  of  His  luercv? 


(1  should 
rvo  llini- 


IV. 


TiiiToiicliisidii  of  l''alli('i'  l-Vt'iiiin's  ii;iri';iti\-(',  ilisclnsrs  -miic 
lit  the  more  serious  ohsticlcs  riiciiiiiitcrrd  hv  ihc  inissioiKirics 
111  tlii'ir  work,  aihl  at  llic  saiiif  time  Liivts  a  vivid  pit  ,i'i'  of 
lroi|iiois  life  and  iiiaiiiicrs  iiion'  than  two  (•cntiirics  ai^o.  The 
lirii'f  rcrcrcia'c  to  the  Cayiiua  iiiission.  recalls  the  lali^rs  of 
the  devoted  and  ucnille  Mer.ard.  its  founder  in  IdoT.  who 
lour  year.-  after,  lost  his  life  aiuoiiu  the  hu'ests  which  iior- 
ilered  i,ake  Suiierioi-,  while  on  his  wav  t.>  |iiaiit  tin'  cross 
aniouLT  the  savaire  trihes  of  that  distant  region.  a>  he  was 
among  the  first  to  do  on  the  iiaid^s  of  our  own  ("avniia.' 


i  KatlhT  I!e\e  MknaiiI).  «1i(i  wa^^  Imni  in  !iiO|.  h.id  bi-pii  in  Kniih'r  lanfcsMir  I.i  Mad- 
aiiic  Daillilidiil.  line  cif  lln- fimmliTS  of  MonircM!  ;  hiii  iif  lii«  pii'Vinii*  liislory  «!■  know 
iiolliiiif;.  IIiMaiiic  lo  Canada  in  till'  h^poaiMi',  h  hiili  ^aili'd  fmni  Dli'iipi' on  tni' \.'f,lli  nf 
Marr  li,  KiiM,  and,  aftiT  inMii;.'  ii)iii|iidli'il  to  |Mit  liark  liy  »liirni«.  rcarhi'd  (^iiehcr  in  .Inly. 
AfliT  lifiiiiriliiTrtor  ipf  tlic  ri>iilini's.  lie  wa-<  -ciil  to  llic  I!nn>ii  coiinln',  ami  siirfcrdcd 
liayinbaiit  a^  missionary  of  iho  AL'oiKiuins,  NipissiiiL's,  and  Atontratas  On  llw  fall  of 
the  lliirons  lie  was  slalioniMl  at  'riircr  liiviTs  until  May  liir.ii.  when  lir  arcoinpaniid  llic 
rrrnili  I'vpi'ditioii  to  Onondaya,  and  from  Ihcnii'  aciomiianii'cl  rhaiinionot  to  tlif  Cay- 
iiijas  in  An:;nst  of  tlii'  sanu'  year.  He  reniained  for  two  months,  when  he  was  nealled 
lo  ()nonda;.'a,  Init  soon  after  reliuiied  and  remained  until  the  missions  were  l)roken  un 
ill  II).")?  :  after  wliieli  he  returned  to  Three  Ulvers,  and  remained  there  iinlil  he  wan 
cliosen  ill  Aii^'ust  KKiO  to  siicieed  (iarrean  In  an  atli'iiipt  to  heiiin  missions  iinioni:  the 
Western  Aljiompiiii  trilies.  He  set  out  with  a  llolilla  of  Indians  .ind  after  •.-real  siilTer- 
inn  reached  Lake  SiipiTior  and  foiinile  1  the  mission  of  St.  'I'eresa  anion;;  the  Ottawas 
at  Keweenaw  Hay,  Oct.  l.'i.  He  labored  here  dnrini.'  the  winter  and  was  phiniiiiiL'  a  mis- 
sion niiioiii;  the  Dakotas,  when  his  services  were  iir^'ently  solicited  liy  a  tiand  of  Hiirons 
then  at  the  source  of  the  IJlack  river,  a  hraiicli  of  the  Mississippi,  Hi'  set  out  for  their 
villasfe  In  July  IH-il,  and  perished  of  famine  or  liy  an  Indian  liaiid,  near  the  source  of  tlie 
Wisconsin  in  Lake  Vieiix  Desert  In  the  early  part  of  AuLTiist  liiili.  Kor  the  place  of  lilg 
dentil,  which  has  been  much  debuted,  we  inlopt  the  theory  of  Kev.  K.  .lacker,  -.vhii  to 
rt  dose  8tu()y  of  the  data,  add*  a  personal  kuowl  idj<e  of  Indian  life  mid  their  trials  in 
Wisconsin  and  MiciilKnii. 


46 

•n,,.  iKirnmvc  (-r  Filth. ■!•  Kivmin  (rhap.  IX    /'<hilmn.  1C.7<»I 
i-  c.iiK'luilcil  as  follows  : 

I'vlniv  liiii.-hiii.n  lliis  Urhilion  coiiccnnii,-  our  lnM|ii,Hs  mis 
sioii-.  I  will  uivc  hero  in  tlic  form  oi  a  journal,  wliat  ivmains 
to  l.fsaiil  of  tin'   coiiililioii    m  wliidi  tlicy  arc  at  pivscnl,  ami 
of  wliat  has  occurrcil  this  year. 

As  thtTc  wciv  uo  mon'  sirk  iu  'rsoiiuoutoiiaii,  1  started  on 
■a  jonrnoy  to  Onomlaga,  where  the  mis-ionaries  of  this  eoun 
try  meet  to  eoulVr  to.iiether  on   the  methods  of  laliorin.i:-  more 
elllei.Millv  Uv  the  salvati.m  of  these  people,  and  of  overeom- 
iii'j  tiie  numerous  olistaeles  in  the  way  of  their  conversion.' 


1  It-o  „c,nrrol,li:.l.lnnnL'tlical.-oio.of  Fallu-r  Kmnin  Ml  ll,.:  misHuimry  oM.nnl 
l,..l,l  i„  omm.l.ro.  I.MSallr,  ill   oompany    vvilli  l«,)   pricstK  ,.f   ih.' Sulpilian  onlrr,  M. 
Dollio-  ^U.  ea«s,m  and  lU'.K  ,!■    liUl.an  .!>.  Ualin.^.,  vi.itol  lli«  Snircas  in  fnrlh.raiir..  .,f 
l,i-ll,-l    rMM'clili""   to  pn.-coif  Lis  .li.o.vfri.-   towanl  U.e  MisM-^Mppi.     The   pailv 
l,u,.l.'dal  In.n.loiiK.it  Hav,  tlif  iR'areni  point  l.y  wator  to  Hi.,  piln.ipal  villaL'.' ..I  Son 
„ont.M,an.  ,li..aMt   al.ouMw.M.ty  n.il.s.  tiu-  fnth  of  An;;.,.!,  the  vory  .lay  that  Katli... 
Fr.-n.in  arrivr,!  at  I'ayn-u  ..n  Lis  way  t..  Onn..la-a.  an.l  so.nr  llvo  or  si.x  .lay.  affr  1... 
lia,l  l.'ft  tl...  SiM.oca  villaj-e.     La  Si.ll..  and  Lis  .■..mpanioiis  w.mt  ..s,„rt.-(l  from  tL.'   Ljn.l 
in.'  plao.  Ly  a  lar-,.  .•on...anv  of  In.lians  to  IL..  villa-.',  wLer..tL..y  aniv.d  on  tL..t«..lftL 
„r°\n'n^t,an.l  «LI.L  is  ,lfs.nL...I  in  the  journal  ..ftL- i..'cpi..liti..n   "as  a  cilU'eUon  ..f 
cahihs  .,nT..un,l...l  uitl.  palisa.les  twrlvror  Ihirt......  f...       '  \  h.mn.l  t..-elher  at  the  t..p 

an.l  s.ipp.irte.l  at  the  Laso,  Lehin.l  the  palisa.l.s,  Ly  laryc     .asses  of  wo...l  of  the  heitfhl 
.)f  a  man     Tl...  ....rtains  ar..  not  olln'rwis..  Ilanki'il  l.nt  form   a  simpl..  enelosnre,  l.er- 

focllv  -piare,  so  that  the.se  forts  ai-e  not  any  prolu.tion.  '     .\t  the  eo,.,.,  il  hel.l  the  ne.M 
,l.,y   n,,.  srrvanl  ..f  l''all.e.-  Kreniin  a.te.l  as  interprel.r,  an.l   presents  were  e.xehan-e.l. 
L'l  SHlle  re.piesioi  tha'  a.apti.e  from   tL.'  .■oi.ntry  ..f  the  Toa-enLas  (prol.al.ly  th.' 
omonau'annha  alsocalle.l  Maso.ntins,  nation  ..f  the  Prairie.  an,l  Nation  ..f  I'-i.e,  at  t.us 
time  lo.'ate.l  in  thesoi.the.n  part  of  present  Wi-.-onsin.  Lelween  Lake  Mi.liiu'an  an.l  th.. 
Mississippi,   mi-ht   1.,. -iven  Lim  as  a  ;:ni.le  to  eondnet  tlie  uxp.'.liti.m  t..  tliat  people 
This-nevi.romi.se.l  to  .to  as  soon  as  the  y..nn^' men.  vvL.,  were  away   trading  with  the 
Dntd,  t.;who.n  they  .i.rrie.l  all   their  raplivcs.  shoul.l  return,  whieli  w.mld  i.ruLal.ly  be 
in  ten  ..r  twelve  .lays.     In  the  nwanwhil.- 1.  .pianlity  ..f  Dal.h  Lnuidy  was  Lroii^jLt  to 
the  villa-...  foU.iwed,  as  usual  by   a  drunken  .lehaiul       .  whieh  La  Salle  and  his  asso- 
elates  w^ere  threatened  with  .leath  ;  an.l  a  Toa-.'iiha  ..^itive  whom  tliey  desired  for  a 
-aide   was  put  lo  tlie  m..sl  en...|  t..rlnr..  ..f  six  Lours'  .luration.  when  his  bo.ly  was  cut 

?o  pi.'ee-  an.l  prepared  f..r  the  feast.  Thus  the  visit  ..f  l.a  Salle  to  th..  Senecas  resulted 
in  disapi.nintment,  an.l  hy  tl...  detenti.m  he  h.st  tLe  m,.st  favoral.le  season  for  traveling-. 

Ih..  esiMdilLMi  roaeLed  no  fartlier  than  tin-  m.mth  of  (i.aiid  river  ,)ii  the  norlliern  side 
of  I  ak..  l.;rie  Tli..r«  they  were  overtaken  Ly  f.ie  winter  and  made  their  camp  in  the 
,i,.i.'LlM,riii.'  woods,  where  th.'y  remained  until  the  followin<;  sprint;,  when  I)e  l'ass..ii 

■ni.Uialince  went  west,  La  Salle  havin-  r..|urn...l  I..  Montreal  the  iirevl.Mis  autumn. 
Il  Inis  Leen  allef.-ed  that  Vather  Kremin  left  Tsonnontouau  for  Ononda-a  at  this  par- 

ti,.nl-.r  lime,  to  a...id  actiii-  as  interpreter  I..  La  Salle  and  the  Sulpitians,  or  aidinj;  the 


I 


47 

Tin  lotli  of  Aii<.nist.  IfJdO,  I  liud  tlio  li!i|)|)ini'ss  to  ciiihraee 
Kallii'i-  til"  (,'.ii'lu'il  at  ( >io;ioii(Mi  (('ayiin-a),  rrom  wliciicc  I  wrote 
to  till'  o'Imts  of  o:ir  l''atliiM's,  wlio  are  amoiiu^  tin'  Iro  piois.  to 
ass'Miililr  at  ( )iinii(I;iL;',i  till'  last  of  tlii'  iiioiitli,  wIhtc  we  woiiM 
iiirrt  tliciii.  I  li;iil  the  leisure  in  liic  iiie;iii\vliile.  to  tarrv 
sotiic  (lavs  at  tliis  mission,  where  I  was  wil  iiess  of  the  faith 
ami  eoiiraLic  of  the  curlier  ( 'iiristiaiis  whom  the  late  l'"ather 
Meuai'il  hail,  himself,  huptizeil  ;  manv  even  of  the  inliilels 
thrnwcUcs,  h;el-  not  foiyotteu  the  ]iravers  whieh  hi'  IkuI 
taULrht  them.  Iiiiii'eilall  in  this  rerenlchiiri'li,  L;a\'i'  lUf  ver\' 
ufeat  consolation  ainl  stronti;  hope  of  the  conversion  of  the 
entire  country.      Father  ile  Carheil    is  Lii'catlv  liclovcil.      No 

oi pposes  the  l'"aith.      Many    of  the   sachems  come  to  prav 

to  <ioil  ill  his  httle  chapel.  He  has  uin Icrtaki'ii  another, 
which  IS  to  he  much  lai'Li'er  ami  more  c,  iinnioilii  ms,  am  I  which 
will  lie  ci.mplctci!  in  a  couple  of  montlis.  1  think  that  then 
llic\'  will  come  in  ereat  mimliers  to  worship  ( ioil.      It  is  |{em'. 


olijfct  iif  llicir  ('iiU'i|iii-c.  Hut  llu'ii'  i<  111!  cvlili'iiii'  lli.il  lii'  h:\>  iii.;illcil  nf  i|[c|r  cuiii 
iiiu'.  miic'.i  I.  ^  lliMl  ill"  a»!'istami;  was  dc-ircd.  Iiidfctl  Ihc  iiarriiiivi'  of  (luliiiri'  \vim!il 
Hei'iii  Id  ilispii'c  Df  Ihr  wlnili'  slorv  ii"  an  nccr  tliiiiii'lil,  ISprakiiiL' (if  tlii' cuiiiicil  lirlil 
(111  Ihuir  arriviil  at  IIk'  SriircatinMi.  hi'  says  ;  ■■  Wlu'ii  \vc  saw  llic  a^.Tinlily  liiri;i'  ciMiiiL'h 
«('  lii'L'an  Id  talk  <>(  liiisiii(s>,  and  ilnii  it  was  ilial  Mr.  ilc  la  Sullr  avowcil  thai  lir  «a« 
mil  aliK' III  iiiakr  liiniscir  iiiidrrsliiixl."  'I'lii' iiifi'iniii'  here  i»  111. li,  Ijis  Siilplllaii  com. 
paiiiiiii-'  ha  1  liiTii  led  li>  Mi|v|)i>se  I. a  Siille  eapalile  (if  coiiviThiiii;  \\  illi  the  SenecaK.  and 
only  when  it  e  iiiie  In  llie  pnlnl.  was  it  discovered  lliat  he  Odiild  iiiil.  Iliit  more  than 
this.  Tlie  niirralive  eiintinni- ;  "On  the  other  liand,  my  interpreter  caw  lliat  lie  did 
not  know  I-'rcneh  w.-li  eniniith  lo  make  liiiiiself  well  iiiider.slood  liy  ii*.  henee  wedeeiiieil 
It  more  e\pe(lient  lo  make  use  of  I''alher  l''reiiiiii's  man  to  make  our  speeeh  and  lo 
report  lo  i|s  what  the  Indian.^  niiirlit  say  ;  and  in  fail  llie  inatler  wa.s  so  transacted  It 
is  to  li.'  reiii'irke  1  liial  Katlier  I''reniin  was  not  then  at  his  mission  station,  lint  liad  i;one 
;i  few  days  liefore  to  ()n(iiida:.'a  to  attend  a  nieeliii;;  to  he  held  of  all  tlie  iiiissionaries 
sc.ittered  amoiii;  tile  l'"ive  Iroiiuois  luitlons.  There  was  only  Kather  l'"remin's  i.ian 
there  who  served  as  an  interpreter."  It  appears  then,  that  Dollier  de  ( 'a-soii  had  ail  in 
lerpreler  also,  who  hriike  down,  and  that  then  they  applied  lo  [•atlier  Freiiiin's  maii.  a 
doniie  cir  mission  aid.  who  aelii  illy  did  all  they  iei|iiired. 

Tliire  is  no  hint  in  the  whole  narrative  of  dissatisfaction  willi  Kreiniii's  man,  or  of 
any  reluctance  onhispirt  to  serve  them.  In  fad,  the  iinpressioii  from  the  ..loleis, 
that  tliey('aine  prepared,  entirely  indepeiideii' (.f  the  missionary,  hut  when  I,a  Salle 
and  Itollier  de  Casson's  iiiler|iieter.  lioth  admitti.'d  their  inahilily,  ihey  were  Ihankfu!  lo 
olitaiii  the  services  of  .finin's  iiiaii.  I'arkinaii.  in  his  L<i  Saltt,  Ac.,  (IHHili  p.  14,  com- 
pared with  his  DUcor.rij  (>l  Ihf  llrmt  IIV.>7  (ISIi'.hp.  |:i,  coinpletely  rejects  the  chttifre  of 
\a  Salle  aL'ainst  the  tlesiiita. 


4S 

liis  iissdciuto,  who  is  Ix^th  the  iuvlnti'i'l  .iiul  litiiMiT.  It  will 
ill  111)  ivspcct  rrsi'iiil)l('  the  fahiiis  of  the  savairi-N,  cxcriit  in  its 
I'Dvci-inu'  of  l)ark.  In  all  other  partiriilai'S  it  will  ri'smiM.'  a 
hoiisf  such  as  tlu'V  l)uihl  in  France.  liehiml  tlie  altai'  he  has 
eonlrive;!  to  make  n  small  room.  Kvei'v  one  in  the  whole 
town  s|)eal<s  of  the  skill  of  Rene.  Ileilispeiises  various  me(l- 
ieinos  which  he  pfeiiares,  hiniseli',  on  the  spot  ;  he  dresses  all 
kimls  of  wonmls  ami  heals  them  :  he  treats  all  the  sii'k. 
Manv  Cayn.^as  .saiil  tome,  that  l)Ut  for  him  they  svould  have 
(lied.  One  cannot  believe  to  what  i-.xtcnt,  he  is  loved  hy 
these  .sivatres.  Would  that  it  miuht  ploasi"  (iod  that  each  of 
our  mis.-ions  hail  a  man  hl<e  Inn:  I 

The  'idlh   of   Auiiiist,  Father  dc  Carheil'  and    mvself.   ar- 


iKatlicr  Stki'iikn  dk  Caiuik.u.  wu"  lorn  ;it  ViiMinc.  Ndvi'iiiIut  'Jii,  1(1);).  lie  ciilcrcil 
IliL'  SiM'irly  (if  .Icwns,  Aic'iisl  30,  ID.V,'.  iinil  anhcil  in  Caiiiiilu.  Aii^.'ii.'^t  (I.  KiiKi.  lie  \Mi» 
xi'iil  to  till' Cnyuija  .Missinn  in  I(i(i-<.  wIumt  lii'  rmiainril  until  His  1,  at  tin.' liioaliinL'  up 
of  till'  Iroiiniiiri  Mission,  when  hi'  «a<  driven  frani  the  eanliin  liy  Orelianiic  ami  Sara- 
iiiia.  the  two  pnneipal  ehiefs  of  the  tiilie.  lie  thi'ii  liLraine  eonnceleil  with  the  Ollaw.i 
Mission,  where  he  lahoreil  until  early  in  the  next  eentiiry.  eharlevni.x,  who  caw  him 
ill  IT;.'!,  at  the  ai;e  of  .'■s,  descrilies  him  as  then  '-rull  of  viL'or  anil  viviielty."  He  liail 
sacrillcc'l  the  i.'reatest  talents  which  ran  ilo  honor  to  a  man  of  his  profession,  and  in 
hopes  of  a  fate  liUe  that  of  many  of  his  lirelhren,  who  had  hedewed  Canadii  with  their 
hlood.  Ill'  hail  emplovi'd  a  kind  of  violence  with  his  superiors  to  olitiiin  a  mission  w  hose 
ohsciirity  sheltered  him  from  all  aniliiticai.  and  olVereil  him  only  crosses.  There  he 
lahored  iintiriliL:ly  for  more  than  sixty  yeiirs.  He  spoke  Huron  and  Iroipiois  with  as 
miieli  ease  and  elei;ance  as  his  native  toiii.'iii'.  and  wrote  treatises  In  both  these  Ian 
jIiniKeH.  Kreiich  and  Indians  concurred  In  ri-Lrardin^'  him  as  a  saint  and  (.'eiiliis  of  the 
highest  order.  It  was  tliroui.'li  the  liilliienee  of  de  Carlieil  that  the  faiiiiais  Huron 
Chief,  Kondiaront.  (omnionly  known  as  ••  The  Hat,"  was  converted  to  Christianity,  and 
wlio,  (himself  an  eNtraordinary  man.)  was  accustomed  to  say  that  there  weie  lint  two 
Krenchnieii  of  talent  in  all  Canada.  theCoiinl  ile  Krontenac  and  Father  de  Carhell.  The 
Indian  name  of  this  Father  was  Aondechcte.  He  eaily  impres.sed  the  ('ayii«as  with 
his  coiiraL'e  liy  aetini,'  as  a  sentinel  on  a  certain  occasion  when  a  niiiior  that  a  party  of 
Andastes.  their  most  dreaded  I'lieinles.  were  near  at  hand,  had  tilled  tlie  town  with 
alarm,  and  when  he  accomiiaiiieil  their  warriors  to  repel  the  e.'ipected  attack.  In  ITOJ, 
and  while  stationed  at  MIcliilimacimic.  lie  liore  a  prominent  part  In  what  is  known  an 
"The  IJrandy  liuarrel."  in  resistim;  with  his  personal  intliieiice  and  the  power  of  the 
pen,  what  he  sijles  liii  his  letter  to  the  French  Intendant:  "the  deplorable  and  infii- 
moiis  tratllc  in  hraiiily,  "  which  he  declares  jms  been  friiilfiil  only  "  of  disorders,  bru- 
tality, violence,  scorn  ami  insult."  amonj;  the  Indians,  till  it  had  become  impossible  to 
maintain  the  missions,  and  nothing  remained  "  but  to  abandon  them  to  brandy  sellers 
as  a  domain  of  drnnkemiess  and  deliauchery ."  Father  de  Carlieil  died  at  (iuebi'c  In 
July,  17J().  at  the  advanced  a^'e  of  in  years.  For  a  more  extended  skeleli  of  this  ut- 
comiillslnd  missionary,  see  Etnly  rlunittinof  Cdijuyu  l/it-loii/,  pp.  TH  81. 


49 


It  will 


;ir- 


rivnl  i.t  Oiioii.lii-iii.  where  in  waiting  for  Katlier  I'.nivas  wli.> 
is  iit  Oneida,  and  Father  I'lerron  who  is  at  M..hawi<.  I  ha.l 
time  to  consider  the  allairs  of  nnv  e;,rly  mission;  and  all 
appeared  in  the  same  state  it  was  when  wi-  left  it.  in  the  veai' 
Ifi.-.S,  except  that  the  ( )noiHla<.'as  were  -reativ  hnmiliate.l 
sh.irtlv  ai'ter  l.v  the  ( iandastouiu:,  as  nearly  all  their  hraves 
iiad  heen  slain  in  the  war.  'i'hey  spoke  to  ns  with  great  am 
llcness.  and  in  all  respects  were  more  traetahle  than  lu'lore. 
There  IS  a  ehnreh  ot'  early  Cin'istians  which  nnnd.ers  ahont 
forty  who  live  l)e<'onnngly.  Many  present  themselves  for 
instrnction.  (laraeontie  is  onr  trm-  friend.  That  Prince  and 
Orator  visited  me  with  all  the  eonrte.sy  imaginal.lc  and  did 
lor  ns  many  kindnesses. 

The  2tith  of  Angiist,  Father  Hruyas'   and  I'icrron  arrived, 
and  we  had  the  consolation  of  seeing  onr  entire  nnmlier  (six)- 

I   FuMi.T  J  A.iiK^  Huiv.v.-,  w,is  ,1  nntivr  c.f  LyoiiH,  nriivnl  ■■!  (^m.Imm  ,  Au-ui-t  m    W,i) 

■"' '""■  mil  <.r  .July,  ..f  111.,  fcllowini;  voir,  set  mil  f„r  Ih-   Mohuwk  ((lunnv  iiihl 

ihoio-  Ml  S,.|.loiilMT  f„r  Oiifi.lii.     IlMvini;  l„.,Mi  ai.i..)iiil,.,l  cliicf  „f  „11   H,,.    I,„',,„„i« 

""''"""'•  i"  '"'I  '"■  "''ii'- 1  ">  'I"'  M"liiuvks.     11,.  was  ,ini„ii:;  tl,,.  Soiccas  in  li;7:i.  hut 

icliinir.l  U<  Ihc  Mulmvvks  iiml  roiiiiiiKMl  iImtc  iiniil  smctimI,.,!  I.v  l-'iitluT  Kniiicis  Vaillaiil 

al  Ti..nn(inl,)iiiioi,  in  h;;-!.     In  ir,K4  lie  war<  in  cliaiw  ut  ll».  mis. ,t  ih,,  Saiill   SI 

Lmiis.  „i,  tl„.  M.  I.:nvroi.v.  and  in  Uisr  accompanied  tlic  [•'ivncli  .-xpnlilicm  airain-t  llio 
Scnccas  under  Iicnnnvill...  lie  was  a-ain  al  Ilie  Saiill  in  aim.  and  in  KlM  l.ecame  snpe- 
run  (if  Ins  „rder  in  Caiinda  ami  retained  liii,-  p(,siii(,n  iinlil  1700.  In  IWHi  the  Onc.nda-as 
lieiiiL'  desin.iis  lo  cm.hide  a  peace,  visiicl  Mxiilreal  and  invited  ■•'allicr  liniya-.  t.) 
leliirn  as  .\n,liassad(  r  willi  lliem,  liiil  Iheir  roinest  was  refused  unlil  tliev  w.iiild  cm- 
elude  a  Irealy  al  Miaitreal.  and  in  llie  fall  iif  that  year  he  was  sent  with  Mai(,r  l.a  Val- 
liere  with  the  kiiifi's  letter  anniiiincin!;  the  terminali.m  c,f  h,,slilities  helweeii  Kni-land 
and  Frame.  (/.„  Ihth.n,,  IV.  i:)l,)  In  the  siininier  nf  KIR)  th,.  Irnrpuiis  renewed  Iheir 
rcpiest  and  Father  liruyas  proceeded  to  Ononda-a  (/,r(  l'i<ll,^,i>;  IV.  HS.i  where  he  ar- 
rived in  .Miunst  and  returned  the  month  followin-  with  a  deleyatnm  llial  e<ui<laded  a 
linal  i.eaee  helweeii  the  French  an.l  Five  Nalimis  which  lasted  for  in. .re  than  .".il  years 
He  vi.siie.l  Onomlaj;a  a„ain  in  duly  iroi  on  public  affairs,  and  acted  as  inlerpreter  to  lli« 
Iro(|iiois  at  thet-rand  ralillcalion  of  peace  in  .Xu-nst  IoHowIul'.  Iiv  all  ilie  Indians  (/,i 
Pi,(h,,i,:  IV.-,Mi.i  lli.s  death  look  place  anmni;  the  Iro(|uoisin  1712."  He  was  the  lest  au- 
thority of  liii<  day  as  a  pliilolofr.st  „f  the  .Mohawk  laiiL'ua-e.  and  compiled  several  works 
III  that  dialect.  (His  Rucinen  .\;/„i,'r,.'<  puhlisiied  hy  Dr.  Shea  as  niimlier  X  of  hi-  lin- 
XUistlcs.) 

■  Includinj!  Fathers  Gamier  and  Milet  at  Onondaga,  whose  names  are  not  .'ive.i  in  the 
le.xl.  Father  IMerron  was  transfBrred  the  followins;  year  from  the  Mohawk  lo  the 
Seneca  Mission  and  Uarnier  accompanied  Fremin  on  his  return  to  the  Senecas  Father 
PiEHRE  Mii.ET  arrived  in  Canada  in  I«(i7,  and  was  sent  the  followinj,'  year  to  Onondaga 


61) 

1,,._r..tlii'r  tM  (ii'lilMTiitc  <ni  all  iiiattt-rs.  <liiriii<,^  llif  sis  ilays  we 
wriv  cnuiiuvd   iu  coiiciTtiii^'  nifasuivs  iionifiil  tn  the  success 
of  our  missions,  ami  for  ovcivoiuiu.u'  the  olistadcs  whicii  lii;i- 
(Icr  the  pro.Liivss  of  the   Kailh  in    liie  <'ountrv  "I  the  Irtxpiois. 
As  we  Wire  about  to  separate,  jo  au  li-oijuois  luessenuer  ol 
Monsieur,  tiie   (loveriior.  arrived    there  from   Montreal,  witii 
lielts  of  \vatni)um.  ami  K>tters  from  your  Ueverenee  ami  Irom 
|'"athei'  Chaumonot,  l>y    winch    we    were    ailvisol    tli.it    tlie 
French    liail   mas>acreil.   near  Moiilreal.  .seven   Ouci.his  witli 
.,,,'  of   ilie  nio-t  tlistiuL'uislieil   of  the  Senecas.      This   news 
iroilneeil   ;i   terrible  e.\.'itt;nieul    tlii-ouuiiout  tlie   nation.      .\ 
nediiitelv  to  (Iclilicrale  on  what  IkkI  h'cu 
we   were  summoueil   to  lie  present.       I  lie 
deputy  coldly    rchearsr.l  the  whole  allair.      lie   was   hold  to 
clKiuueoM  his  own   responsil.ility,  the  belts,  taking  the  more 
hcautiful  one  of  live  tiiousaml  heads,  all    lilack.  which  he  ;ic- 
cordc'l  to  tin.-  nation  ami  only  -avc  to  the  Sciiccas  that  wliicli 
■hhmI.      lint   llie  letter  of   Fatner  riiaumo- 
thesi'   matters  :   and  we  ;ill  strcnu- 
ed  him  t<i  act 
( iaracontic  haviicj 


om 


council  wiis  helii  imi 
done,  and  at    wd'^  'h 


was  the   least  estecni( 

not  hail  infoi-med  us  of  al 

onslv  oppo.sed  him  in  this,  and    at,  last  coinpe 

in  strict  accordance  with  his  instructions. 

i-om  Seneca  uave  to  him  the  l>clt  which 
to  him  :  "  it    is  too  far  for  me  to 


met.  in  the  town,  one 

was  for  tliat    nation,  sayin,u' 


wliflT  iR'  iviovoi  thf  iimiif  ..f  Tcli.irnnlii.i-iiiilir.i,  m  llic  lo.iU.r  up  lo  luavvli,  llr  «m> 
ivniovol  a.  omi.1.1  ill  ai;i  ami  liihon-.l  il.or  unlit  July  mi.  "lien  h.'  l.'fl  and  joined  l)r 
1,1  li„n,-  nn  l.iik..  SI.  Francis,  Ann.  1.     M  tlie  le.inest  of  Ilie  Maroni.-  ile  KenonvUle.  lie 

in  l(!H."i.  wliere  lie  aeted  a-  imerprcler  in  lliH"  ; 


was  ai.).oiiiIe(l  Cliaplain  to  K.nt  Kroiit,  iiae  in  )(i«...  where  lie  aeien  a-  iM,er,Me,e,  „.  ...n, . 
Mi,d  ill  aw  siiceeedeil  ile  I/iinlierv  ilie  as  Chaplain  of  Ilie  fort  M  Nia-aia,  lie  lelnined 
loToiI  Kronlenae  in  aiS'.t,  and  lieiiiy  lured  ontside  the  palisade.s  to  attend  a  dymi.'  In 
diiin  was  taken  prisoner  l>y  tlie  Oneidas  and  liis  life  sa-.ed  liy  adoption  into  an  Oneida 
family  Itnrini:  Ids  eaplivitv  tlic  Kn-lish  made  many  elToils.  tUoii-h  in  vaiii,  to  -et  luin 
in  llieir  p.mer,  f.ir  wliieli  purpose  (iovernor  Fletelier  sent  Direk  Wessels  lo  oneiila. 
He  WIS  ...lopted  inl.i  tlie  Iril.e  liy  u  Clirisiian  a-orander,  Susan  (i.menta-ramli.  and  re- 
eeived  tlie  name  of  Olassete.  that  of  the  leadiiiL'  saelieni  of  the  llrst  or  Turtle  Inaneh  .d 
the  irilie.  Father  Milet  e..iitiiiued  in  thiseapaeity  until  the  fall  of  Hiiliwheii  he  returned 
toQnehee.  lie  askeil  to  he  returned  ayuin  as  missionary  to  those  Indians,  tint  the 
aspeet  of  the  times  did  not  permit  it.  CliarlevoiN  who  was  in  Camula  from  1705  lo  IVvV 
live,l   several   years  with  Milet   and  speaks  of  him   in  terms  of  lii;:h  esteem.     Katlier 


y.ilet  died  at  (Jileliee.  Dee.  :il,  1708. 


51 


<  (lays  we 

lu'  SUCI'CSS 

vliii'li  hi;i- 

Ir.  >i|ii()is. 

ssciiiifr  III' 

[rivil,  witli 

ami  IViiiii 

tliat    thf 

'idas  will  I 

riiis   iii'ws 

latinii.      A 

t  hail  U'i'ii 

;rnt.      TUr 

as   lioM  l<> 

;■  tilt"  llliirc 
lii'li  lit'  ai' 

that  wliic'ii 

r  ( 'hauiiiH- 
all  sti'fim- 
him  t<)  act 

itii'  haviiiL! 
holl  whirl  I 

I'  fof  me  In 

4:i\(M,  lie  wii> 
t  and  juiiu'd  l)i' 

•   KlMKIllVilll.',  Ill' 

iTprilci-  111  1118"; 
11,  lie  riMiiriii'il 
li'iid  a  d\  ins;  I"- 
mill  an  Oneida 
vain,  tciu'el  Idni 
s.'-els  t<i  iineida. 
laL'iandi,  and  re- 
rnrlle  liianeli  (d 
I  lien  lie  returned 
Indians,  tint  tlie 
fmni  iron  111  \7ii 
esteem,     Kather 


,•.■■()  iiiyscir      l{r|iri'S('iit   till. II   t'.  thy  saclioiiis  tin'  vi.j.'i'  ami 

'''■^il'<'  "f    Oi till."      A<   t.i   the    hell   ilcsiLMini    f,,r   tln-sc  nf 

Oiii'iila,  he  said  that  siiir.'  tliry  wniilil  slii.rtlv  <-iimi'  t..  (► i 

''■'i-'i  '"  li"''l  ii  .ui'iiiTal  ci.iinril,  hi-  wi.iiM  imiki>  knuwn  \n 
thiMii  thr  will  III' Om.iitiii.  Witliniit  doiiht  a  .-iii-lf  all'aii- nf 
this  iialiifc  is  niosl,  mifortiiiititc.  ami  is  riioiiL;|i  tu  ivkimlli' 
war  lictwccii  the  Iroijuois  ami  French. 

S.-aivcly  !i;id  the  council    liiiishcil    its   l)iisiiic>,<.  when  thciv 

was  heard  thrmi'^ii  th..  t,,\vn.  tl ry  of  an  <  )iicida.  who  had 

loitiinately  escaped  fruiii  the  liamls  of  a  lroo|,  of  warrioi's  of 
the  nation  of  the  Xex  I'erees.  At  this  cry.  they  rrasseiidiled 
ill  council,  to  listen  to  the  ndiearsal  of  the  adventure.  '•  Wc 
were.  '  he  said,  ••  live  in  one  '..and.  We  were  returning'  \icto- 
nous  with  two  prisoners,  of  'roiiaL;aniih;i :  l.iit  iinfo,  tunatelv 
eneoiintcrinii'  a  coiii|.:ii:y  of  warriid's  of  the  nation  of  the  Nez 
I'erccs,   we  were  defeated,   my    four  comi-ades    haviiitr   I.een 

slain,  or  taken  to;,^'etliei-  with   our  tw aptives:   I  alone  inn 

e,<c;i|iel  fr,,m  the  comhjit.'  Consider  well  the  matter  in  dis- 
pute and  how  it  shculd  roiise  to  veii,t:eiuice  a  pe..plu  so  lierce 
and  indomit.al.le  ;is  are  the  Iroipioi.<."  We  did  i,ol  letu'ii 
what  action  w;is  taken  oii  the  snlijcct.  Wli.at  I  am  al.le  to 
a,-siire  yon  i,<.  that  we  are,  liy  thc'jraceof  (i,.(|,  prep;iivd  for 
any  event,  airordimj-  as  it  shall  please  Ilim  to  dispo,<e  of  ii,<, 
and  that  we  est(>ein  onisclves  too  happv  to  he  ahle  to  oiler 
oiir  lives  a  sacrilice  to  Him. 

'I'akiiiLrourdep.artnre  from  ()iiond;iL;;i,  we  arrived  on  the7tli 
of  Sej.teinher,  at  (Jaiidachiora^on  ;'  ami,  as  we  were  pas.^inu 
throii,uli  (ianda,ti-aiv>.^  a  drunken  .savage  .seized  F.ither  Cir- 
nier  with  (.ne  hand  and  rai.^ed  the  other  at  two  diireivnt  times 
to  .stal.  him  with  a  knife:  l.iit  fortunately,  a  woman  happened 
near  eiioiiLdi   to  this  harliarian,  to  wrest  the  knife  fr,.m  his 


I'lUmlNoHen''' ''"''''''■"''''  "'^""'  l""\'"''ly  "'  "»^  ronauannlni  to  the  Nez  I'er.e.- <,r 
'  See  Seneca  Tiiwni-,  p.  2.",,        "  ibid. 


52 

liiiiiil,  iiml  ]>ri'v<'iiU''l  liiiii  fiimi  ciin-viii'j-  fiiilli<T  liis  liriiltil 
ili'>i;iii.      I  r.iiiKi  not  lull  iiilniiri"  in  this  fncMimti'i',  tin-  lirm 
iicss  iui<l  si.'lt'-|"issi's.-«ion  of  the  Kalhcr  \vli>>  du\  mil  luMiiiy  iIk- 
l.'iisl  ^il:ll  «'f  fi'iir. 

Thivr  .lavs  aflfi-  (lur  arrival,  he  took  fliai'<:«'  of  ilu-  mission 
..I'  (iaiulachioiaj-on,'  w\h'W  then'  an-  thn-c  or'  lour  Cliristian.- 
who  liavf  niadf  open  jirofosioii  (,!'  their  iaith.  lie  iias  oiilv 
the  chaiyt'  of  a  sin.ulc  town,  at  Ica.-t  for  tli.'  pivsmt  yrar,  in 
onlcr  that  hr  iiiav  ha\«'  linir  to  ai'.|uiiv  iiii>iv  ]ici-hTtly  ih.' 
hiiiiiHa'jv  of  the  coiiiitrv,  alul    make    for   huasrlf   rules  aii'l  a 

dictionary,    that    he    may   instruct    the  others:  Ik e   1    am 

..lih'jcl  to  take  ;'are  of  the  llirec  otlier  towns. 

'I'lic  tweutvsc\eiith  of  .^.•[itcmhcr,  as  I  was  al'out  to  Icavi'. 
to  assume  charge  of  the  nnssioii  of  St.  Michael.  I  was  tak<'ii 
ill.  ami  eompelleil  t,M  rcmam  for  several  days  until  the  vio 
leucc  of  the  attack  was  passeil. 

After  the   lirst    of   Sciitcmlicr.  the   youth    of   tla'   jilace,  ac- 
c.nliu'j   to  the  custom,  start    for  the  .ipeii  cMimiry:   and  tiic 
rest  of  the  inhabitants  who  are  ahle  to  endure  tlu'  f.itiL'iic-  ..l 
Ihi-  war  or  the  chase,  f.illow   soon  after.     Of  the    latter  thcr- 
are  alw.ut   live  hundred   capalile  of   war,  di\  idcd    mto  many 
hands  who  all   uo  a-amsL   the  'ronii,i:annha.  and    lour  or  live 
hundred  to  hunt  the  Leaver,  which  they  lake  in  the  directi.Mi 
of  the  country  of  the  llnrons.     The  latter  take  their  women 
and  ciiildrcn    with   them,  so  that    there  remain   only   a  small 
nnmlicr  of  old  peoivle.      1    learn  that    it    is  the  same  at  ( ioi,.- 
goiien.antl  that  they.  also,  divide  ihem.selve.'i  into  hunters  and 
warriors.     This  is  very  deplorahle,  tus  the  result  is   that  num 
hers  from  these  nations  die  withont  baptism,  as  these  expe- 
ditions are  attended  with    the  loss  of  many  people,  and  what 
urieves  me  is  thai  we  are  not  able  to  remedv  the  evil.      But 
(i,.d  who  knows  His  elect  does   not    iVil  to    furnish  them  the 


1  8oo  Senna  Tnwiis,  p.  viS. 


6» 


Ills  linitiil 
',  tin-  linn 
lii'tray  iIp' 

lit"  iiii.xsiuii 
•  ('liristi;iii> 

Ic  IlIlS  (llllv 
rllt    Vr;ir.   Ill 

i-rtVctly  til.' 
rules  iiii'l  ;i 
ii'iH'c   I    am 

III  t'l  \i'.\\ ' 
I  was  tak'i'M 

it'll   till'  Vio 

I'   jilai'c,  ■,{'•■ 
•V  :   and  tiif 
■  l',ili'_'iii'~  111 
laltci-  lluT" 
iiitd  many 
I'luir  ui'  livi' 
he  ilirci'lii'ii 
lirir  WDiiu'ii 
(iilv    a  small 
iiiH'  at  ( i'li"- 
liunti'i's  ami 
s    that  uum- 
;  iIk'sc  cxpL'- 
Ic,  ami  wliut 
0  ovil.     But 
ish  tluMU  the 


lav.)ial)li' ..pimrtiinity  to  j/aiii  Parmiisi'.  W'c  aiv  nftm  hin^ 
•  liM-t'd   liv  Hiicli  al.s.'iircs  ami   cxiM'ilitioMS  c.niii.iMh   h>  ihcs.. 

I !'''••  '''"'I'  l:il'Mnii;j   h.r  tlirir  iiistnictioii  with   lii.' >ii s-i 

w.- .••Mild  (Icsiiv.  The  -ivjitri'  |,art  of  tlmsr  who  ImImm-  i,. 
III.'  towns  wh-Tc  we  wciv  cstaMislicd.  aiv  away  fithcr  at  the 
war  or  thr   cliasc,  luiic   iiioiiths   out  of   tlicyrar:  and  I'or  a 

iiioiitli  pivvioiis  to  their  drpartiiiv,  the  youth  are  aeeustoi | 

toal.aiidoiithems.'lves  to  excess  iii  driiikin-.  till  lli.'v  l,iv,,mr 
filfi«Mis:  so  that  exeO|iliii-r  the  old  peopl..  and  the  wommi 
who  are  not  addieted  to  sm-li  <lisorders.  it  is  next  to  impo^. 
'il'lr  to  lind  op|iortuiiity  to  speak  to  them. 

The  Seneca  arrived  Ky  wav  of  Oiioiida-a.  in  eliari;'e  (,f  the 
licit  of  wampum,  whi.'h  ( )ii,,ntio  scut  to  the  Seiiecas,  in  the 
tiiiitter  <!!' the  death  of  .uic  of  their  warriors,  who  was  slam 
l.y  the  Kreiich.  'VUr  helt  was  received  \  mIi  a  liinrked  eoi.l- 
iie.ss.  and  ;i!tlioii-h  the  exemplary   puiiis,  iiient   which  Mon- 

■-"■'"' 'li'' "'"Vi' ■  inllic'cd    upon   the  assav-ins.  led   ilicm  t,, 

•■'l'l"'"\''' "'' 'lis  ( duct  :M,d  applaud  his  jii>ticc,  j  tJiink-,  ,|,.v. 

'•rtheless.  that  thev   would    hav.-  heeu   u h   lietter  satislii'd 

with  ten  liclts  of  wampum  than  with  the  death  of  three 
Krenchmeu,  since  they  woiild  not  lie  disposed  to  render  the 
same  jiistiiH'  in  situilar  cireuiiii-taiiee.s.  Tiiey  (lee!;ire.  h,,\v- 
ever,  that  they  are  content  with  this  satisfaction;  and  I  ,\,, 
Hot  think  they  will  dare  to  carry  their  resentment  farther. 
ii"i'  attempt  aiiythinu'  atiains!  the  Kreiieh. 

The  27tli  of  Scptemlier,  as  1  thought  my.self  sullicicntiv 
recovered  from  my  illness.  I  .m^t  out  on  the  joiiriiey,  !<•  take 
fluirge  of  the  mi.ssiou  of  St.  Michael  in  the  town  e;illed  (Jan- 
dagarae.'  (Mir  hravo  Christiati,  I'lancis  Tdioronhiongo,  met 
me  iind  eoiidiicted  mc  to  one  of  the  lin(!r  cabins  of  the  town, 
that  of  a  person  of  consideration  although  an  unheliever. 
who.se  authoritA  gave  mc  protection  agaiii.st  the  insolence  of 
the  dnmkard.s. 

The  third  of   .Xoveiuher,  which  was   the   Sunday  after  the 

'  Si'C  Seiucii  TowiiH,  p.  M. 


1 


54 


Kestivul  of  All  Saints,  the  .'iKipel  l>cmg  in  onlcr.  1  invitcil 
nil  (,ur  savaiTfs  to  come  there  to  pray  to  God  and  lie  present 
at  tlie  Mass,  whieh  1  was  to  say  early  in  the  niornin-.  'I'he 
,.hap.  !  l)ein^•  full  of  pe.iple,  I  he-an  my  exhortation  l.v  tlr- 
,.|;innL^  the  ohjeet  of  my  eomin.L!',  and  accordingly  begged 
them  to  open  their  eyes  to  the  truth,  to  recogni/e  the  God  of 
heaven  anil  earth,  to  put  away  everything  that  was  displeas- 
iim  to  llim.  and  hy  their  consistent  iidelity,  ren.ler  them- 
selves worthy  of  eternal  happiness.  1  hope  of  the  goodness 
of  God,  that  His  grace  will  dispose  their  minds  to  relish  the 
truth  of  Christianity,  and  undeceive  their  vain  snperstition. 
b.vide  drunkenness  aiui  the  dream  which  are  the  two  olista- 
(  ;c-s  to  the  Faith  among  the  liotpiois. 

Father  Garnier  continues  to  laljor  liravelv  in  the  town  ot 
Gaudachioragou.  God  serves  Himself  of  him  for  the  con- 
version of  some  souls  toward  whom  His  compassion  has  been 
cxtraordinarv.  More  than  twenty  persons,  happily,  having 
heen  baptized,  .lied  most  Christian  hke.  Hut  it  is  evi.lenf 
that  suirerinus  are  tlie  lot  of  the  apostolic  missi.uiary,  and 
t,li:,t  or,  must  Liivc  himself  up  to  the  providence  of  (h'd, 
iahop-.g  hard,  and  leading  a   life   which    may   be  called  one 

/•.n.'inuai  i'eath. 

Thr  mi,  "ionarv  labors  of  Father  Fremiu  in  Xew  York, 
closo  with  the  fo.'.'-oing  narrative,  he  having  been  transferred 
to  important  .-erv,je  in  the  vicmiiy  of  .Montreal.' 


1  FatluT  .Fames  Fukmin  iinivrd  in  Caim.b  in  W>r,.  He  ,uTonn'm,k.,l  Halilon  to  On 
,„ula.'aiu  LMiiaml  roMainnl  there  ...,til  tlu.  bvaklnj;  .,,.  of  tl>,.  n.i.sions  ia  .Man- 1,. 
l.nr'wastlu.nfov  ^^yo  years  at  Misca  ;  next  year  at  TlMve  Itivors  an.l  Cape  .le  la 
Maaelelne.  In  ItTO  lie  was  assi-.-nod  to  ll,e  Cayn.-a  M.sM.n,,  Imt  di.l  n..t  .erve  aia 
next  year  was  seal  to  the  Mohawks.  Near  the  elos,.  of  Kids  he  ylMte.l  the  Senecas  ami 
resided  at  Sonaontoaan  and  renniined  then,  nntil  the  arriyal  of  Farther  Oanuer  ,.,  the 
followins;  year,  when  1...  eh.a.ed  his  resi,le.,ee  to  (ianda.arae.  the  soath-eastern  c,f  he 
^eneea  Mlla-es,  lahorin,-  in  that  yiUa.'e  an,l  (iandatzaro  tt.Uil  UuO.  when  he  was  reeal led 
,,ul  assi.n.ed  to  the  mi->i.m  of  St.   Francis  Xavler,  then  located  at  l.a  Prairie.     Ihis 


li;;ii,  and  in  lliT'.l  he  yisited  France  in  it^ 


aiission  was  removed  to  the  Saalt  St.  Limis  in  li;;ii  ,      ,,,      ,,.,., 

hehalf.     lie  was  airai.i  in  Canada  in  liiS-',  and  .lied  at  l,inel,ec  on  the  -Jiuh  of  .Inly,  in.'-. 


■,  1  iiivitcil 
bo  |ires('nt 
niii'j.  'I'lii' 
lion  l>v  ili'- 
"■Iv   bcuue'tl 

^   .7  >-  •  - 

tlio  (i(k1  <>i' 
as  (lisjiloas- 

IkUt    tllflil- 

R!  uoodiiess 
()  i-clisli  the 
nperstitiiiii. 
'  two  ol)sta- 

tlic  town  111' 
or  tlie  con- 
;)ii  has  been 
lilv.  liaviiig 
,  is  evident 
;iouarv,  ainl 
ice  of  (iimI, 
.'  calleil  (Jiie 

Xew  ^'l)^ls-. 
1  iraiislV'ri'eil 


ioil  Dalilon  to  On- 
is.-ioiis  in  Miircli. 
"  unci  ('apt'  ik'  hi 
id  licit  nM-vc  anil 
il  till'  SoiU'C'iis  and 
liiT  (iariiicr  in  tin' 
ntli-eastirn  if  tin- 
'11  lie  was  ri'calk'd 
l.a  Prairie.  Tlii" 
sited  Krimce  in  il> 
iluilKif  .Inly,  li«i-,'. 


I'lii'  la>l  c'iiaptcr  I'cMii'hi.lccI  the  accinint  >><  tlie  missimi  fur 
the  year  ICdU  when  Father  Kiviiiin  wasealldi  to  the  resilience 
I'!  St.  I'Vaiieis  Xaviei'  i))i|ic.~ite  .Nb.ntival.  leaviiiLj-  l-'ather 
<iarnier  in  snk'  eharui;  of  tlie  Seiieea  .Mi^sicm.  'I'he  I'.ilicw. 
iiiii'  narrative  I'cir  tiie  sncet'edine-  year  i<  e.Mitaiiied  in  Ciiapter 
\.  of  I'riiiliini  lt)71  :  Seeoiid  part. 

Ahlioiiiili  the  iiaticiii  of  the  Si'iieea  mav  i.e  nmre  rude  aial 
sa\;i-e.  ha\iiio-  less  iiitereciirse  with  the  Kreneh.  and  hirlher 
from  the  rei|iiisite  disposition  to  eiiiiiraee  tin'  l-'aitli.  iie\ crllie- 
less  oil r  l''at hers  who  ha\-e  laliored  in  their  missions  h.rtjie 
past  two  yea.rs.  liavc  foMinl  there  elioiee  soiils:  and  l''ather 
(iarniei'  wlioat  [iresent  has  the  t'litire  eiiai'-cof  them,  rcpiots 
a.'^sistaiiee  in  the  hope  that  these  [leoide  who  are  more  immer- 
oils  than  all  the  other  lroi|nois,  may  at  len-tli  be  ta'iied,  and 
,iiive  excellent  scopi'  to  the  xeai  of  the  missionaries  whom  it 
may  plea.-e  (bnl  to  send  anioiiL;-  them.  'I'he  little  that  he 
sends  its  is  wi'll  adapted  to  touch  and  attract  hearts  tilled 
with  the  Holy  .Si)irit.  The  miracles  of  grace  wrought  there, 
give  us  to  see  that  the  hand  of  God  is  not  shortened  ;  more 
than  one  hundred  and   ten  baptized   this    vear,  are  manifest 


1  The  plnee  was  cir-l-iiially  den-iied  as  a  resort  for  the  missionary  l''alliei's,to  wliieli  they 
nii-ht  retire  iiMlK'ir  animal  retreat.s  or  in  ease  of  sickness  :  hnt  it  had  already  become 
:i  nii.ssioii  lioine  wliere  converts  from  the  several  Iid,,nois  cantons  nii-ht  take  refie-e  frcnii 
the  constant  persecntioii  of  their  own  kindred,  ami  also  from  the  had  example  and  cm-- 
ruplin-  inllneiico  of  tlieir  I'a-an  coiintrymeii  who  were  l.eeoiniii-  iinn-c  and  more 
deliaiiched  by  their  inlerconrse  with  New  York  traders.  The  new  villa-e  increased 
rapidly,  and  in  IiiU,  had  its  or-ani/ed  -overninent  with  permanent  Cliristian  instilntioiis 


5fi 


ino.-fs  of  this.  ;i>  well  :is  tlH>  lorvor  ami  (•oiimgc  of  soiiu'  souls 

of  lilt'  fleet. 

An  oldChiistiun  iKUucl  Kraiu-is 'relioronliiotiiroof  the  lirst, 
of  ihe  church  of  St.  Michael,  distiii.Lniisheil  for  his  eiuiucnt 
virtue  ami  for  tlie  authority  lie  has  aci|uire(l  over  those  of  liis 
own  nation  (lluroiis),  havinii"  recently  lost  by   death  an  inti- 
mate friend,  a   f/ood  and  very   virtuous  Christian,  very  sud- 
denly, was  so  inijn-essed  l>y  the  circumstance  of  the  import- 
ance of  dyin^;-  well,  and  the  necessity  of  liein.ir  ready  at  any 
moment  to  make  the  passage  on  which   depends  eternal  hap- 
piness or  misery,  that  ho  is  not  aMe  to   divert   ids  thouuhls. 
Such   was  the  efTeet  of  this  grace  upon   him,  that  from   that 
time  h(>  formed  the  ri'solution.  which  he  has  inviolably  \<cy\. 
to  debar  himself  from  all  feasts  where  he  saw  any  appearance 
of  superstition  or  of  sin  :  and  as  the  time  approached  when 
the  intid(d  savages  course  througli  the  towns  for  the  aeeom- 
plishment  of  their  dreams,  he   nuide  public  proclamation   in 
the  towns  of   St.  Michael  and  St.  .lames,  that  no  juM-.-on  should 
approach   him  or  any    of  his   rchitives  t.>  satisfy   his   dream, 
since  he  liad  done  with  this  ceremony,  and   renounced  these 
tliiniz'sat  his  liaptism  :  and  as  he  di.l  not  recognize  in  a  dream 
anvthing  divine,  so  he   would  neither  render  worship  to  his 
own  dream  or  the  divams  of  otiiers. 

One  of  the  sachems  of  the  town  for  whom  that  people  have 
great  respect,  and  desire  to  please,  ajiproaching  him  in  the 
course  of  this  public  ceremony  witii  a  threat  that  unless  he 
accorded  to  him  wliat  he  had  dreamed,  he  would  iminite  to  him. 
as  is  the  belief  of  the.se  people,  all  the  misfortunes  tliat  might 
befall  him.  tlie  luenance  did  not  in  the  least  disturb  liim. 
He  replied,  ])roadly,  tliat  being  a  Christian,  he  had.  no  fear  : 
he  made  the  same  reply  to  all  who  importuned  him  on  the 
subject.  This  Christian  cmsistency  has  won  for  him  such 
coiitidenee  and  respect,  tliat  if  lie  happened  unexpeetedly  in 
a  oathering    where  the  iididels  are  conversing  together  of 


;>< 


301110  souls 

of  tin"  lii'st 
is  oiiiiiu'iit 
hose  of  lii< 
itli  ;ui  inti- 
vorv  suil- 
hi-  import- 
ady  at  any 
lenial  hap- 

s  lilOUlilltS. 

from  that 
ilahly  kcy\. 
appoaraiu'f 
icheil  when 
tho  accoiii- 
amatioii  in 
r.-oii  sliouM 

liis  (hx'am, 
meed  tlu'se 

in  a  cli'i'am 
I'sliiu  t'l  liis 

people  have 
him  in  the 
it  unless  he 
jniteto  him, 
s  that  mi.iilit 
listurl)  him. 
a<!  no  fear  : 

hiiu  on  the 
:ir  him  sueh 
xpectedly  in 

together  oC 


things  iuunodest  or  to  tlie  disparageiiient  of  the  Faith  or  ..I 
Christianity,  they  immediately  ehange  tiieir  e.)nversation  : 
iiianv  apply  to  him  for  instruction  in  our  li,)ly  mvstcries 
whi.'h  he  understands  pertVctly  :   also  to  learn  the  pravers.' 

Divine  I'rovidenee  serves  iiimself  thrufteiicrof  allliction  tw 
-hsposr   them  to  listen   to  his  holy  speech:   humiliation  and 
misfortune  render  th.-m  the  more  docile.      Tht>  same  Katiier 
writes  us  that  lu'ver  has  he  had  more  attentive  hearing  than 
sine;-  til..  I.uriiiii--  of  the  town  of  St..  ^[lehael  whieli  ocenrre.l 
hist    spriiin-,    when  all    the   calniis   with    the  .•hapel,  wre  re- 
<lii<-ed    t,,  ashes,  without    the  possihility  of  saving  aiivthin-, 
iK'Uher  furniture,  ch'ii,  nor  anything  iieeessarv  to  life.   These 
||""i'  peopled,,   n,.t  appi-ar   in   any    wise  trouhlcil   hv  it,  l)Ut 
on  the  contrary  tliey   testify    to  the    Father  that   lln^v  recou- 
iiiwdod  has  punished   them  justly  for  tlieir  inlidelitv  and 
the  re,si.-tance  they  had   maintained  till   then,  to  the  prourc.<.> 
oi"  the  gospel.      'I'liey  l.cg  earnestly  that  he  will  hy  no  means 
leave  them;   tiicy  promise  .so  .soon  as  they  have  rebuilt  their 
eahinsand  their  pali.sade  lor  .security  against  their  en,Mnie.s 
to  «<et  up  a  chapel  much  more  heaiitifiil  than  the  former  one, 
and  that  they  will   he  more  a.ssiduoii.s  in  prayer  than  in  the 
past.      The  Father  .adds  that   tliey  make  their'  [.rotestation  in 
terms  so  strong  and  with  such  marks  of  sincerity,  that  lu-  is 
lirmly  persuaded  they  will  keep  their  word.      Fia/,  ,i„/.. 

We  recognize  even  more  .sensii)ly   in   their  fatar  maladies 
the  elleets  of  grace,  and  the  fruits  the  daily  instriietion.s  pro- 

'This  ;.;;,,1  „„„  „,„!  |,|,  „if,,  ,,,f,  „,,.  „,,,,^,^,^^  j,,^^._^^  ,^_  ^^...^  ^^.^^^  _^  ^___^  ^^^^^  ^^  ^^^^^^^^ 
>-liii,l  1.,  Hj.-.i,,.  thoir  ii-Miainini;  ,la.v.i  ul  tlu-  missi,,,,  of  llu-  Moumaln  of  Monlrrnl  ■  lm\  • 
1.1;;  Dccoiuf  tn-v  l,y  tlio  .leatl,  of  tla-  head,  „f  th«  cabin  i.i  whi.h  ho  ha<l  hcrM  .o  lo.,-  a 
-lavf.  II..  was  recHved  then.,  with  joy  ;  already  known  l.y  tht-  annual  liclalionH  of  tin- 
Jesnits  for  his  fn  vrnt  piety,  he  jiistilied  his  reputation  l,y  his  eondnet  at  the  mission  l.y 
his  lalmrs  for  the  poor  and  allliete.1.  where  he  llnally  beeaine  blind,  as  was  si.pp„„ed  bv 
his  inten.se  devotion.  He  died  in  lIliM,  at  the  advaiired  a-e  of  Hill  years  ;  and  the  in- 
scription  over  the  place  of  his  burial,  in  one  of  the  ancient  lowers  on  the  Mountain  of 
Montreal,  reads  :  ••  He  was  by  his  piety  and  probity  the  e.vainple  of  Christians,  and  the 
wonder  of  unbelievers.  ■ 


58 

,Uico  on  inin.lstliat.  at  the  timo.  npiu-ar  tl.o  more  rel.ellinus 
■Mn\  opuosea  to  tl.e  Iniiih.  1  ^^ive  liere  aM.o.i-  otluMS  two  -.,• 
tlnvr  e.-aini-Ies  whiel.  uppcar  to  bo  attei.Je.l  with  o.rcuiu- 
';taiicc>'  tie  more  ren.arkable. 

A  Seneca  o""  the  t.nvu  of  St,  James,'  very  age.l  ami  a  per- 
son oi  eonsi.U  ration,  liaving  been  taken  siek,  the  Vatlier 
visite.1  him  aiul  olTcre-l  on  his  part  to  re.uh  iimi  all  possible 
assistanee  h.r  the  relief  of  his  malady  and  the  salvation  ..f 
his  sonl.  He  refused  both  rou-hly,  so  that  the  Father  was 
compelled  to  withdraw  after  some  kind  attentions,  in  order 
nut  to  prejudice  him  at  the  outset.  Many  days  pass.-d  with 
him  in  this  ill  nature,  during  which  the  Father  was  able  t 
do  nothin-,  except  to  intercede  with  (Ind  fur  the  mlscn,b,.- 
.,^e  who  to  all  Imniaii  appearance  must  die  without  baptism 
und'm  unbelief,  the  .Ux.r  of  his  cabin  <'losed  and  all  access  to 

him  denied.  ■      ,     .        i 

In  the  meanwhile,  the   Father  was  well   apprised   tiiat   he 

WHS  vi-^il>lv  sinkiicj,  which   was  to  him  an   unspeakable  sor- 

,,nv.      it  is  onlv  for  those  wh..  have  had  the  expericiu'c.  to 

nnderstand  wllat  it   is  to  see  a  sin-le  unfortuualc  s..ul,  that 

one  has  come  to  seek  from  across  the  sea.  so  near  to  pcrd.tion 

without  bein-  ai.le  to  give  aid  an<l  succor  in  rescuing  it  Irom 

the  dan-er:  but  the  goodness  of  C.od   who  shows   Uim-ell 

..unuUy  favorable  to  the  poor  savage  us  to  the  greatest  mon- 

a,vh  <.f  earth,  c.xtended  his  hand  toward  him  in  an  unh.oke.l 

[,„•  manner.      As  these  people  are  guided  by  their  dreams,  it 

was  permitted  that  in  sleep  he  should  sec  the   Father  who 

uave  him  a  medicine  mo.st  elTicacious  for  his  recovery.      I  Ui> 

was  enou.di  to  induce  him  to  send  with  all  possible  dispafh 

iu.d   on  h'is  own  part,  beseech   the  Father  to  come  and  visit 

l,i„;    inHueduitclv.      He    was   found    at    St.    Michael,  where. 

awaiting    tlu     moment   of   grace,   he  had    gone  t..  visit  his 


1  Onndfif!'*™-    ^''''  "'"''  ""  ^''»^'"^"  l'J«''"''  !'■  -"'• 


59 


rcbfllii'iis 

MS  tVVi)  '  ti- 
ll circuin- 

\ml  !i  ]ier- 

10  Full  101- 

11  |)()ssil)l(' 
Ivation  iif 
'atlicr  was 
-.  in  oiilei' 
asscil  willi 
■as  aMi'  t 

■  iniscralh^- 
it  liai^tisiii 
11  access  ti> 

>(1  that  lu' 
itkal)k'  siir- 
)ei"icnc('.  ti) 

I  soul,  that 
.1)  [icnlitioii 
ing  it  IVoiii 
.vs'iriuKcll' 
eatcst  1111)11- 

II  uiiliii>ko(l 
r  (livains.  it 
KatluT  \vln) 
vt>ry.  This 
jle  ihspatoli 
lie  and  visit 
had,  where, 
to  visit  his 


eliiireii.      lie  left  evervtliing  at  lliis  news  luul  ivtiinie.l  with 
;ill  iM.ssihIe  s|.ee,|.      'ri„.  siek  man  was  .,\erj..vr(l  at  his  .•.,ii,- 
'".- :   """''"    lii"i    l''l<''  ii    seat   at    his  hed    aini   sanl    u,   him: 
"Oiii-asera  (which   is  the   liulian   name  C.r  th,.   Father)  -ive 
me,  I  i>ray  thee,  inimcliately.  the   medicine:    I    h;ivc  seen  it, 
while  di'eaiiiinu-.  i,,   t|iy   hands  and   it  will   cmv  inc.'      -Ah" 
my  hn.ther,"  repli<>,|  the  Kafher,  -  must  willinoly,  j  ani  ah-mt 
to  give  thee  a  medicine,  hni  very  din'erent  :ind  far  hctter  than 
that    which    thon    hast    seen    in   tlie   (hvaiii  :   thou   art    m    no 
I'artlier   iiee,l    for    the    lio,ly,  whi,-h   is   in    no  comhtion  to  he 
l)eiielited  :   a    inL-dicine  of  this  iiatniv,    would   onlv  seive  to 
hasten  tlie  end  of  thy    life.     The   givat   Master  of  IHe.  wh.) 
loves  thee,  comnianils  me  to  give  thee  a  nu'da-inc  which  is 
wiiollv  iK'avenly.  and  will  restore  lih'  and  health  t..  thv  soiil  : 
deliver  it  from  eternal  death:   pi'oiMire  for   it    instcaij  ,,f  ihis 
\nnn-  life  which  we  have  in   common  with   the  animals.  ;i  life 
of^everl.asting  happiness  in    heaven,  hy  the  help  of  haptism." 
While    the    Katli.M'  was  speakin--,   the    Holy   Spirit    wroiiLiht 
npon  the  heart  of  tli(>  sava-e,  ami  at   the  word  haptism  of 
which  he  had  spoken  many  tin.cs   witlKJiit  ellVet.  he  r.,ii>e,l 
himself  as  from  a  deep  sleep  and  hesonght  him.  eariic-tl v.  to 
remind  him  of  the  insiructi..ns,  which  at  other  times  he  had 
given  him  to  prepare   him   to  receive   the  sacrament,      'i'his 
the  Father  was  pronijit  to  do,  and  the  sick  man  listened  with 
jcy  and  eoiisolation.     Having  iievertliele-;s  judged  it  proper 
to  defer  his  baptism  iiiilil  the  morrow,  at  the  break  of  dav  he 
visited  him  and  found  him  in  holy  impatience  to  see  hmiself 
■>i  the  miinber  of  the  ehildren  of  God,  having  passed  tlie  en- 
tire night  in  acts  of  faith  and  contrition,  ami  in  recitin--  the 
prayers  taught  him  the  previous  ihiy,  which  in  no  particular 
had  he  forgotten,  so  far  as  observed  by  the   Father,  the  sick 
one  having  repeated  thetn  from  memory  in  his  pre.seiice.      He 
then  received  holy  baptism  with  sincere  devotion  ;  and  hav- 
ing pas,scd  the  whole  day  and  mght  in   praising  (ind,  askinj.-- 


60 


thnt  Ih-  iiii-lit.  1h'  taken  to  i)nn!(lis<'.  lio  dinl  Uie  f..ll()vviii<i 
(Inv.  Icaviii.tr  tliis  iinprossion  with  liis  pastor,  that  lie  was  m- 
fnllil'lv  of  the  nuiiihcr  of  the  ch'ft. 

1  miichKlr  this  <'hai>tfi' Willi  an  extract  from  a  letter  which 
1  liavc  reeeivc.l   from   this  same  nnssioiiarv  in   those  terms  : 
-Drnnkenness  eause.l  l-v   the  hevera.ues  which   the  iiifi:lels 
,,l„;iin    from     the    ll..llaii(tei-s.    bn-n.-ht     iiioiv    than    .'iL^itv 
K'ii-ues  1)V  land,  is  imw  more  universal  than  ever,  extending 
,.vcii  tu  tiie  women  :   and  tlu'se  disorders  roiilinuc  for  tWi'lve 
orlifteen  days  after  the  arrival  of  each  hand  of  traders.      Dur- 
iii'j-   all    this  time   as   there   is   neither  food  nor  lire  in  their 
,.;,l,ins,  thev  are  abandoned  dav  and   nidit.     The  rest  of  the 
IH'ople    llee    for    eoiieealmeiit     to    the   lieMs   and    tlu'   woods. 
Amid  all  this  debauchery,  the  virtue  of  our  Christians  shines 
,,ut  bri-htlv.     They  are  steadfast  in  their  duties  and  show  as 
m-eat  aversion  t..  these  orL^ies,  as  they   are  forei-;n  to  their 
pn.fes.-^ioii.     'I'he  tlrunkards.  themselve.s.  eviiu'O  this  resiio.'t. 
that  they  do  not  come  near  the  ehapel.'      We  have  our  :-^- 
semblies  as    usual  on   Sundays,  and   our  Christians   ,uatlier 
with  <ireat  pains  from  their  hidin,<;  phiees,  heariiiK  mass  with 
as  much  quiet  and  devotion  as  at  any  other  time  of  the  year. 
1  have  m..re  eoncern  for  the  siek,  not  knowinu  where  to  lin.l 
them.      1    have    not    failed  to   bapti/.'j   certain    ones,  among 
them,   an  acbdt,  who  after  a  year  of  labor,  ,uave  me  mueli 
oMis.ilation.      He  wasaeateehumenaiul  sullieiently  diligent  in. 
the  ordinary  lu-aver.s     One  day,  linding  him  very  ill,  1  .judged 
it  proper,  with  his  eo'.isent,  to  prepare  him  for- baptism.      I  in- 
structed him  to  thi.s  end,  in  the  mysteries  of  our  faith,  and 
caused  him  to  perform  tiie  acts  neeessary  to  prepare  liim  for 
this   saerament,  wliieli,  nevertlieless  for  good  reasons,    1   de- 
ferred.    Then  linding  hini  delirious  and  iu  danger  of  deatli.  1 


1  This  w,i«  oftn.  the  -nlv  rofu-e  of  iho  mi^.ioiu.ry  niraiiKt  personal  violence  to  wliicli 
fn.n.  v„riouHC,msc.s,  ho  was  ..Nims.nl  ;  l.nl  .noro  ..specially,  i.i  soones  ...cl.  as  are  her.' 
(l('-cril)cil. 


iM 


illovvnifj; 
■  was  ill- 

•r  wliicli 
e  Um'mis  : 

intiili'ls 
I  ciLrlity 
v^teiiiiiiig 
)!■  twrlvf 
■;.  ])ur- 
'  in  llicir 
'St  of  the 
V  woods. 
IIS  sliiiK's 
1  siiow  ilS 

to  tlioir 
s  rosiioct. 
('  our  v-  ■■ 
IS  millM".' 
iiass  witli 

tlio  year. 
vc  to  lind 
's,  aiiiouL: 
me  iiiueli 
liliueiit  in 
,  1  jiidjied 
sin.  1  in 
faith,  and 
fe  him  tor 
ons,  1  dc 
of  deatli.  1 


ili'iice  ti)  wliicli 
all  lis  lire  lien' 


did  not  .^^criiple  to  liaptixe  him.  Som,.  time  after  (■omiiiL:'  to 
him.^flf,  he  eaUed  me  and  sidd  aiiorily  that  I  had  (hveived 
him:   that   in  his  dream   lie   had    found   himself   in    heaven 

wliere  the   Kreneji    had   received    him    with   tlie   \vl p.^  that 

tliey  (sava,ues)aie  aeeiistomed  to  make  on  tlie  arrival  of  thrir 
captives  of  war,  and  tiiat  at  tiie  time  he  made  iiis  escape,  tiicv 
ah-eady  had  the  lin>  brands  in  their  hands  to  Inirn  liim.  As 
for  tiie  rest,  tiiat  tlie  water  v  Inch  I  poured  ujion  his  !ie;id 
was  a  s|iell  and  .-';(. ivery  which  would  cause  his  death  ur  li.\ 
his  fatt!  to  he  hnriied  eternally  in  tlie  other  world.  1  h;id 
recour.se  to  (iod,  more  especially,  in  this  junetiire  .so  miex- 
pected:  iiiid  at  last,  Ile^i-aw  me  irrace  after  three  hours  ,.f 
conllict.  with  mildne.ss  and  kindness,  to  convince  and  unde- 
ceive him.  He  <>:ive  up  all  these  ilelnsions  caused  l,v  the 
demon  that  would  destroy  him.  lie  recovered  with  admin- 
lilf  hehavior  his  first  t!i()uo|it,-i,  and  tli.-  scntimonts  of  a  soul 
triilv  converted.  Jle  only  desired  to  die.  rather  than  olfend 
(Iod  any  inoiv,  and  he  eternally  happy  m  heaven.  He  ma.le 
of  his  own  accord  a  petition  at  the  close  of  the  ordinarv 
prayers  in  these  words:  ■' 'I'hou  who  art  in  heaven  have  pilv 
oil  me:  draw  me.  as  soon  as  possiMe  from  here  below,  that  1 
may  lie  jicrfectly  hap])y  in  heaven." 

One  other  siek  [lensoii  has  consoled  me  still  more,  actiiiLi  iii 
the  matter  of  his  health  in  a  most  e.xtraonlinarv  manner  for 
a  savajre.  and  who  has  pven  noble  testimony  to  the  Faith. 
'I'o  ,u-ain  him  to  (Jod,  l)e.sides  tlie  frequent  in.structions  I  -ave 
him.  I  spared  myself  in  no  respect  night  or  dav.  to  minister 
to  liim  and  lead  him  to  believe  that  I  stron-iy  desire.l  his 
recovery.  One  day,  iicrceiving  clearly  that  my  remedies  were 
without  eifect.  and  that  he  was  contiimlly  growinir  worse. 
iievertheles.s,  seeing  my  extraordinary  earnestness  to  relievo 
him,  he  said  ♦o  me:  '-My  brother,  I  .see  well  that  thou  art 
my  friend,  bin  I  pray  thee  no  longer  tliiiik  of  my  bodv.  but 
ai)ply  thyself  rather  to  save  my  soul :  it  is  all  over:  T  sliall 


(i'2 


»lio  ;  I  e;iii  in)  Imijicr  (li>ulit.  iiinl  wliiit  is  iiMpurtMiit  is  tn  die 
well."  I  llitMi  iuslnii/U'ii  liim  fully  iiml  l)a|itizcil  liiiii  Knuii 
tliiit  tiiiic,  well  salislieil  and  tiiiiikiiiif  only  of  Parmlisc,  ho 
cniiiinciiciMl  ti>  sinn'  his  soiili',  \vhi<'li  tliry  call  the  dcatli  smiL!'. 
1)111  ill  vcrv  dillVrc;:!  terms  from  those  he  formerly  would 
have  used,  ill  stfaits  or  while  an  unheliever.  '■  it  is  .lesus, 
he  said,  "who  is  the  Master  of  my  life;  he  leads  me  to  heaven, 
iiexcr  more  to  sin:  nevermore  to  dre.'im:  the  ureal  Master 
ill  he.'iveii  forliids  it."  'riiese  W(;re  his  last  sentiments  whieli 
he  (duiii;  to  e\eii  unto  death. 

Afleral!  it  is  to  he  eoiifessed  that  these  peoples  arestronuly 
(ipposed  to  the  l'"aith,  and  that  the  eouvi'i'sioii  of  even  one 
sava^ic  is  a  stroke  from  heaven.  The  freedom  that  tliev  elier- 
isii  more  than  their  life  ;  the  arrogance  which  is  their  nature 
as  well  as  the  lickleiie.ss  of  their  resolutions:  the  impurity  in 
which  they  are  reare(l ;  the  strong  attachment  tney  have  t(.r 
their  dreams  and  suiiL-rstitious  customs  ,  their  spiu'ts  and  or- 
ilinary  occu|)ation  in  the  chase  ami  in  the  war,  which  i'eii<lers 
them  unsettled  and  keeps  tlieiii  for  the  most  of  the  time  in 
the  licld  or  forest,  l)csides  the  demon  of  drunkeiinoss,  which 
has  posse.s.sed  them  for  sonu>  ye;irs,  are  without  doiiht  great 
liinderaiices  for  the  permanent  estiihlisiuuent  of  religion. 
Nevei'tlicless,  tlu;  zeal,  tlic  trust,  the  dev.)ti(>ii,  patience  and 
forliearaiice  of  our  missionaries,  surmount  all  these  obstacles 
and  eive  us  rea.soii  to  hope  that  God  will  lucivase  the  bless- 
iiiLis  alreadv  he.'.towcd,  beyond  even  wdiat  He  at  present  gives 
to  tlieir  labors.  It  is  already  a  grtat  advaiiUigo,  that  they 
know  the  language;  that  they  have  found  access  to  their 
minds  ;  that  they  are  loved  and  esteemed  iViuong  them  :  that 
thev  have  entire  freedom  to  preach,  in  public  and  private, 
the  word  of  (iod,  .aiul  that  there  is  seareely  n  family  in  all 
their  country  that  is  iKJt  more  or  less  instructed  in  the  prin- 
cipal mysteries  of  our  Faith.  Many  po.ssess  the  Faith, 
although  still  attached   to  theii'  evil  customs  and  are   not 


(;;{ 


IS  til  (lie 
K roll  I 

idisi',    lio 

itll    SullL!'. 

V   would 

.  Jesus," 

I  li(';ivi'ii. 

Master 

ts  wliieli 

stroiiuly 
\-eii  olio 
lev  clier- 
ir  iiiitiire 
|)iirity  ill 
lia\e  |oi' 
s  ami  or- 
1  I'eiulers 
!  lime  ill 
<s,  which 
iil)t  ^reut 

rehuioii. 
eiice  ami 
obstaeles 
he  bless- 
eiit  ijjivcs 
,hat  tliev 

to  their 
■111  ;  that 
I  private, 
11}'  in  all 
the  prill- 
le    Faith, 

are    not 


Christians  l.v  profession.  They  eviiiee  this  in  their  inaladies 
when  often  of  their  own  aeeonl,  they  scml  Inr  oiir  I'alhers 
lest  they  shoiihl  die  without  l)a|itisni. 

i'rayers  are  ivLTiilarl v  ohserved  in  eaeh  town,  l.oih  inoriiiiiL; 

and  eveiiin.:,  in  tli.'  chapel  where  the  eateeli ens  are -atli- 

ered.  and  where  ("hristians  rcceivcoii  Suiidav  the  sacraments. 
'Hht.'  als,,  thev  <:n  tlirou-;ii  the  cutechisni,  in  addition  to  the 
instrnetioiis  e-ivi'ii  them  each  day  in  their  cahiiis.  Nnmhers 
of  little  ehildivn  escape  to  lica\(  n  throiiizh  tlie<jraceof  hap- 
tisni,  it  heine  (,iic(,f  the  chief  solicitudes  of  our  Fathers  to  si'c 
to  it  that  not  asin.el.-onc  of  these  dies  without  the  sacrament. 
It   istlin-that.  in  spite  of   hell,  thc.se  little  chinches  iiiak.' pro- 

.lii-css.      There   is  iioi f  them  that  does  not  (Mmtain   eiioice 

souls,  who  imitate  the  fervor  and  charity  of  the  (Christians  of 
the  lirst  a,ues.  and  furnish  hy  their  u-ood  example  a  powerful 
motive  for  the  conversion  of  others,  in  a  word,  our  evangel- 
ical lahorcrs  arc  so  far  from  thinking- that  there  is  iioihiiii--  to 
hcdoncfo!'  the  Faith  anion.,'  tlie.sc  jicoplcs.  that  thev  call 
upon  us  from  all  sides  and  ask  us  for  reiiii:i)rcenients  with  all 
CMnc.'ivalilc  urecney,  jiarticularly  those  who  lahor  in  these 
lands  full  of  liriersand  thorns,  for  the  culture  of  peoples  \n<>\v 
harharoiis  and  rehcllious  toward  the  (losiicl 


VI. 


The  follow! I i.L,'  IfttiT  of  FiilliiT  .luliiiii  (raniicr,  still  in  sole 
i'li;ir,Lf('  of  the  three  missions  of  the  Cnnee|ition.  St.  Mieliiiel 
:uul  St.  Jiimcs,  oceiijiies  Cluip.  \'ll.  Fiist  I'iUl  of  h'riiuini,. 
Ui72. 

'I'hc  spiritual  eonditioii  of  tliese  missions,  depends  liU'L'ely 
upon  temporal  alTair.s,  and  more  than  all  on  the  (lisposition  of 
mind  to  maintain  peace  with  the  French.  Tlu'  sachems  of 
the  town  of  (landaehic  .i;ou'  had  L'iven  me  the  iissnrance. 
in  a  council  assembled  for  the  purpose,  that  they  desire<l  to 
prav  to  tiod,  and  in  fact  certain  of  thcni  be.L'aii  to  do  this: 
and  though  I  had  not  as  yet  seen  in  them  the  essential  prin- 
ciplesof  the  Faith,  neverthele.ss,  their  example  led  the  people 
to  listen  to  mciind  gave  me  every  lilierty  to  visit  an<l  instruet 
the   siek.     Hut    rumors  of  a    French    invasion,    very    soon, 

verturned    these    small    l)eginnin<f.-<.       Their    minds    being 


ov 


thus  badly  disposed,  the  evil  one  takes  occasion  to  raise  an 
outerv  against  the  Faith  and  those  who  preach  it.  An  old 
man  who  came  here  some  years  since  froiri  (loiogoiien— a 
troublesome  spirit,  l)ut  skillful  in  speech,  who  does  what  he 
will  with  our  Senecas  and  jiasses  ain(jng  them  for  a  wonder- 
ful person — jiroves  to  them  that  the  Faith  produces  death, 
for  the  reason  that  of  whole  families  who  formerly  eml)raced 
it,  when  the  late  Father  Menard,  the  apostolic  missionary, 
i-esiiled  at  Caytiga,  not  a  single  .soul,  as  he  declares,  remains 
lie  further  says,  that  the  Black-gowns  are  only  here  as  spies 
who  report  everytliing  to  Onoutio,  that  is,  Monsieur  the  Gos- 


1  StT  iiDte  "D  Seneca  towns,  p.  B5. 


II  III  side 

,    Mirlmrl 

Iv  lillinn. 

iisilioii  (il 

U-llL'lllS  (if 

issiiraiict'. 
,i'sirf(l  to 

do  tliis ; 
itial  i>riii- 
lie  [n'oplc 
<1  iiistrii'jt 
.'ry  soon, 
ids  bciiii:' 
)  raise  an 
All  old 
goiic'ii — a 
■!  what  lie 
I  woiidcr- 
•I's  dcatli. 
cmliraced 
lissioiiary. 
,  roiiiaiiis 
e  as  spies 

the  Gov- 


•  Tiior.  or  that  they  are  son •erers  who  a.Tnmpli^h  liv  dis,-ase 

what  Oiioiitio  could  not  elTivt  liy  Ion f  i,riiis.      I  know  of 

ueortainty  that  they  have  den'ierafcd  (•oiicrrniiiL-- niv  (h'ath 
as  a  spy  and  as  a  sorcerer;  oiir  host  himself,  Oniionkenrita- 
oiii,'  tlie  most  pnmiiiieiit  of  th(>  chiefs  of  this -ivat  nation, 
has  often  proposed  to  his  sister  to   kill   mc,  whil.' sh.'.  at  tlic 

same  time,  has  shown  a  ,<riv;it  distrust  of  na ace,, nut  ,,f 

Ikt  htllc  daughter  wla.  often  fell  sick.  As  I  d,,  nut  n'tiiv 
at  as  early  an  hour  as  is  their  i-iistoin.  and  as  I  n>iiialii  a 
eonsideral.lo  time  in  the  eveiiin-  to  pray  t.)  (lod  in  the 
••hapcl,  they  persuade  themselves  that  I  .■aniiot  eiiiph.v  mv- 
self  in  any  other  maimer,  than  in  holdin--  comniiinicati/.ii 
with  some  .lemon  in  plottin<rthe  ruin  of  their  I'amilv.  'I'Iiih 
my  life,  hnmanly  speakin,L^  depends  iipnn  the  health  of  tins 
little  dan.irhter,  iind  I  run  a  jrivi,t  risk  of  losiiiL'  it.  if  she 
should  die.  There  would  he  as  much  cans.-  for  iiie  to  fc;,,-, 
should  any  (.lie  1,1  in,u- the  news  of  the  |,roliaMe  march  of  the 
French  into  this  c(.iinlry.  Maiiv  have  assured  me  in  a.lvaiice, 
thatshoiild  this  happen,  they  would  certainly  tomahawk  iii,..-' 
Ill  tiiis  it  is.  my  Reverend  Father,  that  I  am  happv.  a:id 
that  I  esteem  the  felicity  of  my  missi(,n  which  compels  me 
toc,,nsid<"r  each  moment  as  the  last  of  m v  life,  ,aiid  t,,  lal.or 
.joyfiillN-  ill    this  state    for  the   salvation   of  tlie>e  po,,r  souls. 


1  Dan.im'i.rit.ioiii  or  (iamlacliinit,'„ii  asHMant  uf  T.^-arMnhi,..  a.  kc.|„-r  „f  th,.  «,..! 
.'Ill  door,  tlu-  latter  fxerdHiii-  j,iri«llcti(,ii  .,v,.r  tlic  i„„st  n„ril,.ri,  „f  tlir  tvv,,  w,.-t,.rii 
towns,  tin'  Soniiontoiian  of  the  Helatlonf. 

•■  FalliiT  Mi'iianl  at  Cayii-u  was  rc|H.at.',lly  tlircat.'m'.l  willi  .|,.,itii  a-  a  8(,rciT..r  He 
relali'.  tliat  a  warri,.r  lo,l«in^'  in  the  san,..  raliin.  for  tlir,.,.  i,„,|„.  i„  ,„o-,.,.si,.i,,  m,,'.,,,,,,. 
.•(1  to  kill  liim.  aiul  wasonly  prcvoitrd  l,y  l,i,  |,„st  «,„|  r,i,,i,|  S  M,nrl,io.-«T,  tl„.  ,l,i..f  of 
th.'  .antoii.  The  perseciitloii  of  the  M,issio„„ry  Fathers  as  sor.-erers  was  i|s„  ,„iiii,ioi, 
anioiiK  the  lliirons.  They  were  chan:e.l  with  eaiisini;  .w,t  only  personal  eal  unities,  l„„ 
all  the  miseries  of  the  n,ition,  ami  at  times  it  woiil.l  appear,  that  nothmi;  short  of  spe 
eiftl  divine  intervention  stayed  or  lurned  asi.ie  the  miirderoii.  h.ow  of  the  infuriated  say. 

a-e.     Father  .lollies  was  killed  am.inL'  the  Mohawks  on  ehar.-e  of  he soreerer      A 

helief  in  sor.ery  and  witrhcraft  appears  to  have  prevailed  very  ,-enerally  amon.^'  the 
Indmnsof  .Xnieric.  The  Z.inis  i„  their  re^vn,  visit  to  the  .^tlantie  eoast  in  eliar«e 
of  Mr.  Frank  II.  Cnshint'.  while  passlns;  through  .Salem,  looked  n|.on  the  place  with  «reat 
reverence  and  awe,  as  heuife'  the  place  where  witches  once  lived,  and  were  hurried. 


t'lC) 


Otif  sitiL'K'  iiil'iiiit  st'cMrc  ill  licavcii  iIii'hUl'Ii  linly   hiiptisiii,  is 
suiricifiit  to  ciiiiii.m'  iiitii  swci'tiicss  nil  tlicsi'  iiitU'r  trials. 

'I'liis  oM  iiiiiii  «>f  wliMiii  1  liavo  s|ti>lv<'ii.  takoH  iidvaiitiint' III' 
cvrrvtliiiiL:'  tliiit  has  iu'imhtciI  of  liilc.  iiinl  iiariiriilarly  of  wliat- 
cvrr  tliosc  who  lia\  r  licfii  to  (^iU'lirc.  havi'  n'|")rU'(l  au'aiiist  iis 
It  iiv  IK)  iiH'aii-'  iH'cih'il  iliis.  to  turn  from  pravcr  ami  to  ciii- 
hitter  ULfaiiist  lis  a  pcoph!  so  siis|iicioi|^,  ainl  who  arr  ciiiiri'lv 
uivi'M  M|i  to  sorceries  aiii|  sii|i.'rstitioiis  :  iKiin-  they  cease  to 
collie  to  the  cha|ii'l.  If  I  enter  theii'  caliiiis  to  seek  out  the 
sick,  tlii'y  rec-anl  me  with  an  evil  eye:  and  if  I  attein|it  to 
instruct,  the\-  orilinarily  iiiternipt  ine  with  insultiiiL' s|iceeh. 
An\'  smlden  outhreak  of  drunkenness,  in  siieii  circuinstanet'S. 
com  I  ids  me  I  o  retire  to  the  chapel  win 're  1  ha\  e  alway>  found 
rcfiiuc  1  wonder  that,  in  these  troiihlos,  never  Imt  in  a  sin 
tde  instance.  Iia.^  a  drunk.ard  eonie  to  seek  me  tliciv.  ;tnd  him 
thev  |ii'eventcil.  ncvci'thelcss,  from  doiiii:  me  injury.  i»ur 
in;i' eleven  months  there  have  dicij  in  all  the  towns  of  this 
nation,  thirty-three  liapti/ed  persons,  almost  all  iid'ant<.  We 
have  l)apti/,ed  seven  others  who  are  still  sick:   in  all  forty. 

'I'lie  iiiercv  of  (iod  has  liecii  ereat  toward  certain  h;ipti/.ed 
adults,  ainoiiL;  others,  toward  a  c,-ipti\c  of  the  ( )ntonacaimha 
or  Cliaoiianonu,  ail\!incc(l  in  auc  :  onlinarily  they  lirine-  as 
captives,  onl V  tin;  voun,Li'  iiu'ii  fi'om  con ntrii.vs  so  distant,  (iod 
.so  ordt>re(l  it  that,  hajipilv,  1  slnnld  lind  myself  in  this  place, 
on  his  arrival  with  an  interpreter,  the  only  one!  know  of 
this  langnaiic  in  this  eounti-y  ;  he  heard  with  pleasnn'  all  that 
I  tau;iiit  him  of  the  chief  mysteries  of  our  Kajtli  and  of  eter- 
nal happiness  in  paradise.  At  lene;tli  I  found  him  disi)osed 
to  haptisin.  and  1  think  he  entered  heaven  the  same  day  he 
arrived  at  Tsonnontoiian.  Divine  Providence  had  conducted 
liim  bound,  more  than  three  hiinilred  leagues,  to  eiiahle  him 
to  find  here  the  true  liberty  of  the  children  of  (iod. 

A  woman  beinir  sei^icd  with  epilep.sy,  threw  herself  in  the 
midst  of  a  lai'Lie  lire  and  before  she  could  be  rcsciieil,  was  so 


H7 

s.'vnvlv  l.iini.Ml,  t|i;,t  til,.  l„,i„.SMf  Iht  hai,,],  „,i.|  iinMs  U-U 
:i\vii.v  nil,,  i.i't.'r  111,.  otlhT.  As  I  was  imi  in  t|„.  \  iHn-.r,..  jn 
'Im' fiiuc.  a  vni.'i-  iMviicliinaii  that  I  haw  with  iih',  wh.'.  is 
wrll  ac(|iiaiiitr,|  with  the  laiiuHiijrc  aih  1  i).'rf..n,is\v..i-thilv  th.' 
"Ilir.-of  a  cat. ■(•hist,  hastfiicl  thither:  ainl  haviii-  fnmi.l  iicr 
111  Ih'I' lijjhtiiiiiMl,  s|...l^(.  t..  hcmf  (i.MlaiMl  His  salvation,  in- 

-triicicl  an. I  ii.tI',.i-|!i.m1    r,,r  h.T  jill  th.'  n. ssarv  acts  on  th.. 

".•.•iisi,,ii  aii.l  lia|ili/c,l  h.T.  This  |.o.,r  .•ivatiiiv  spi'iit,  the 
cijiht  or  ten  <hi\sthat  ivni.ain.Ml  ,,f  h.T  lilc,  m  |,ia\  .^r :  liiis 
was  licr.inly  c..ns..lati..n  in  h.^r  t.^rnhl,.  siitrcrin.i;.  an<l  cxtr.Miic 

•''•'■""'""""■1"  -'f  ill!  liiiiM.'in  SI r,  whi.'h  sh.'  cn.lurc.l  with 

u.lniirahh-   pali.ncc,  in   th.'   h<>| I'  cL-nial   lilV.      'I'hcs,.  aiv 

'■tl'.vts  ..|-  .liviii.-  -ra.v.  whi.'h  iii;.k..  th.Mns..|\...s  uiHlcrst..,,,! 
Ill  these  hjirliiin.us  coimtrii's  most  ..l.vioiislv.  and  wliieh 
Liiv.ally  iill..vi,'ite  »hc  t..ils.  fati-iics  ami  allliriiuns  ..I'  a  mis- 
si.  mai'v. 

A  Christian  v..iiiii.- m; f  ;istranL'..  iiatam  wh,Mlie,|  a  iiio-t 

Niintiv  ilcath,  touch,.,!  Ill,,  u-ivallv  wlH.n.'v.'r  I  .•ncoiiranv.i  him 
I"  I"<'V  l"<i"'I  *liirine-  his  last  si.'kiiess:  Ins  .■iirc..t'ioii  an, I 
'l.'votion   wci-,.  visihi.-   in  his  eves,  ..ver  his  coiint..nane..  an.l 

"'•'"'  '''''^ '"'"''  lii"   ■•^1" h:   his  ivhitives    wer.-  strn.'k    with 

ii'liiiii'i'ti"ii  :  hi-assniv,l  me  ..\  .t  an,l  owr  a;jain,  that  h,.  ,|,- 
sire.l  .leath  thai  he  mi-jn,  the  in,.iv  s|,e,..|i|y  s.v  iiims.'ir  m 
iK'iiveii.  .Such  sentim.mts  ;tn.  a  m,.st  manifest  token  of 
l.'iitJi.  A  Christian  llnnni  w,imHn  has  <;iven  to  us  similar 
|'r<'«'l's:  sh..  ha.l.in  short,  all,. we,|  h.-rsulf  to  he  |uTsuu<le,|  iu 
!li<'  prostration  caus,.,l  l.y  a  h.ii.u-  si.-kness.  that  a  sui.ersutioiis 
feast  w.)ul.l  heal  her;  hut  she  disc. v.-re,l  h.^r  mistak...  an,l  ,.f 
iier..wii  accord  desir.Ml  t..  mak.;  puhli.;  re|.aiati,.n,  manitest- 
iiiii-  ^Tcat  ^Mi,.f  at  haviuir  oht-ved  the  instriim,.nts  of  h.-ll. 
whom  she  U|.i.rai,le,l  iu.n;o,.,l  earnest  f,.r  the  wicke.liiess  ihev 
had  shown  in  .trivin^r  t,,  h,,.r  ji.lvice  .so  dete.stal)le.' 

'   Kalh,.r,leCarl,..il  «iveH  an  account  ..f  o.i,.  „f  i1„.h,_.  fi.«,|.  of  iR'alhii;,  to  wliici,  l.f 

","V,""  "'•".'  '  '"''""•  •■'"•  "f  ^""  ''"»"°"-  "f  tl'fCay,i!<„  n.ls«i..„.-,sv.  .'■:„rly  Clnmhn 
'It    (-(KJ'i'in  U)xU>nj,]ii,.M:\.  j  ^"<i  <>■" 


68 

'riiclluronsof  tlie  Mission  of  St.  Micliiu-1,  miinit'est  ^'rcfitrr 
(l.>sire  tiKiii  ever  to  rctiini  to  Qiieboo  to  iuigmciit  the  clmivli 
of  Notre  Damo  do  Foye.'      Some  of  tlum  wlio  an«  not  now 
Christians,  dedare  that  tlion  they  would  cmhra.-e  tlie  Faitl,. 
The  most  notable  and  aged  of  tliem  all,  took  up  the  word  hi 
continuation  of  a  short  lesson  that  1  had  given  touching  this 
matter,  and  declared  that  for  himself,  he  w<.uM  not  wait  sm 
long  a  time  to  become  a  Christian:  that   he  had   from  thl^ 
hour  formc<l  the  resolution:  that  he  renounced  his  drcam^ 
and  all  that  was  forbidden  of  Q.mI  :  that  he  would  i)reseiit 
himself  for  continual   instruction  :  that  he  would  not  fail  a 
single  day  to  as.sist  in  the  jirayer  and  that  he  would  exhort, 
others  to  follow  his  example.     He  has  held  to  his  word  thn^ 
far,  and  1  hope  that  soon  he  will  be  baptized. 

I  conclude  for  the  present,  with  a  worthy  act  of   Chn.-^- 
tian  courage.      An  aged  i)er!^on  of  this  little  church,  who  lia- 
l.erformed  witli  great  edification  the  ollice  of  catechist    f.^' 
nioie  than  twenty  years,  diiring  which  it  had  been  deprived 
of  a  |)astor,  in  conse(pience  of  the  wars  of  many  years,  hav- 
ing learned  that  his  only  son  had  been   killed  on  the  spot  in 
a  battle  with  the  Gandastogue.  he  was  alllii-ted  to  the  last, 
degree,  although  with  entire  resignation   to  tlie  will  of  God. 
which    he  constantly  evinced  in  acts  of  heroism.      But  what, 
surprised  every  one  wa.s,  that  a  second   report  having  been 
brought  in,  that  the  young  man  was  not  dead  and  that  tin; 
wounds  he  hail  received  did  not  appear  to  be  mortal,  as  In- 
had  been  borne  away  on   a  sort  of  a  litter,  tlu;  old  man  at. 


I  This  mission  was  founded  by  Father  Joseph  Chaumonot,  from  a  small  Huron  colony 
which  son-lit  refnu'c  on  the  Isle  of  Orleiins  opposite  (iuebec,  and  which  he  him*lf  a.  - 
companied,  the  year  after  the  destruction  of  their  nation.  Here  he  remained  with  the 
exception  of  the  vears  l(i.W-8,  when  he  wa«  at  Onondaga  preparing  the  way  for  tli- 
establi''hmcnt  of  tlie  Irocpiois  mi.-sions.  In  16il.3.  the  ye.ir  of  his  death,  he  reniove.l  tli.- 
missi(m  K.  a  new  site  where  he  erected  a  cl  nrch  and  chapel  modeled  on  the  Holy 
House  of  Lorette.  and  perfectly  like  it  i"  .orm,  materials,  dimensions  and  furniture. 
Kiom  this  circumstance  the  mission  took  the  name  of  Lorette.  Here  the  Ilurons  loni 
enjoyed  great  piosperity.-See  Shea's  Calhollr  Mimoiij!.  pp.  197,  I'.ta. 


69 


est  grcnb'i' 
:lie  ctiurrli 
r(>  not  now 
>  the  Fait'L. 
.ho  word  ill 
iii'hinL;'  llii- 
not  wait  so 
1   from  tlii- 
bis  (In^aui^ 
nlil  present 
1   not   fail  a 
onld  exlioi't 
s  word  tliu- 

■t  of  Chri.-- 
I'll,  who  ha- 
atechist  toi' 
en  deprived 
■  years,  hav- 
I  the  spot  in 

to  the  last 
will  ot  God, 
But  what 
liavin.uf  been 
iiid  that  tilt? 
mortal,  as  he 

old  man  at 


oiice  ivgaiiied  his  spii'its  and  hreatliing  into  his  faith  new 
\  luor,  he  ])assed  the  day  in  rendering  thaiiksiiivint:-  to  (iod, 
inll  of  reverenee  and  gratitude  'I'lie  whole  vilhm'e  gathered 
111  a  body  at  his  eabiii  in  oi'der  to  testify  to  him  their  joy, 
;iiid  they  left  it  with  a  lii^li  estimate  of  his  virtue. 

Alter  all,  I  have  remarked  that  it  is  not  so  mneli  tln'  de- 
uvueraey  of  manners  that  prevents  onr  savages  from  lifiiig 
Christians,  as  the  false  ideas  wdiieh,  for  the  most  part,  tliev 
iiaveeoiireriiing  th(>  Kaitli  and  of  ( "liristianity.  I  know  m-arlv 
two  hundred  families,  among  others,  in  linn  and  ]iermaneiit 
iii.'irriages,  who  bring  up  their  children  morally  well  :  who 
i'lrnid  their  daughtei's  too  free  outside  acipiaintaner,  so  that 
they  are  kept  fiom  dissipation  and  lewdness:  who  have  a 
hori'or  of  drunkenness,  and  who  only  need  the  l'"aitli  to  lead 
III  all  respects  Chrisliandike  lives.  It  is  this  gift  of  God  that 
we  implore  without  eeasiiig  for  these  poor  souls,  who  are  the 
priet!  of  His  lijood,  and  whom  I  commend  \'ei'v  spi'cialK,  my 
IJeverend  Katlier,  to  yoiii' holy  prayei's  and  pious  sacrilices. 

TsoNXONIOIAN,  ,hdvi(().  IfiT'J. 


mall  Huron  colony 
icli  lie  him*lf  m- 
roinained  with  thi! 
K  the  way  for  tliii 
th,  lu'  removed  tin? 
Ifk'd  on  till'  Holy 
ins  and  fnrnitnri'. 
•e  Uie  Ilnronsi  Um'j 


VII. 


This  Ifttirol'  Fatlicr  Ganiier  ('(iiiijM-iscs  cliiiiitcr  \'1I.  I'f  Iv- 
inlinii  1(572-."),'  aiul  iiertaiii.s  to  the  missions  of  the  ('oiirf|iti()ii 
aiMi  St.  Mi<'hai'l. 

•■We  have  lu'vcr  ilischar.Li'i'il  oui' <]uties  with  more  of  i|uift, 
or  with  more  of  frciMlum  tliaii  tiie  present  yeai-.  The  Kathei' 
P.  Hail'eix.'  Mi'i'ived  at  the  Coueei)tion,  at  tlie  I'lul  of  .Inly,  a 
niontii  after  \  resumed  ehariiv  of  St.  Miehael,  where  I  liad 
not  been  for  a  year,  as  the  villaiie  had  entirely  Imrned  (h>wii, 
and  as  I  was  left  alone  at  'I'sonnontoiian.  I  have  received 
all  the  satisfaction  1  eouhl  hope  for  in  (Mir  Christian.s,  from 
their  assiduitv  in  fre(inentin,u-  the  chapel,  morning  and  even- 
iiiL;'.  for  the  pi'aver.  ami  from  thcii'  jiromptness  in  comiim' 
fverv  Sundav  to  the  instruction  that  I  give  them  before  the 
niiiss.  as  well  as  foi'  the  /eal  with  which  many  of  them  heai- 
testimony  in  support  of  the  paiMy  of  the  Faith  in  the  pres- 
ence of  lewd  persons  who  talk  against  it.  A  certain  pei'son 
liavim;-  saiil,  one  day  :it  a  superstitious  feast  which  she  had 
uiven,  that  the  fear  of  my  i-ejiroofs  had  kept  lici'  for  a  length 
of  time  to  her  duty:  "the  fear  of  <!(id  ami  His  judgments 
should  restrain  you  always,"  replied  a  good  Christian  who 
was  iiresent :  and  as  he  was  ac(piainted  wil'h  oui'  mystei'ics. 
lie  followe(l  with  excellent  instruction  in  the  lieai'lu'^-  of  all. 

What  has  ^iven  esteem   to  the  [trayer,  is  the  example  of 


I  WMhm  ci  ii'ii  "'(■■■fl  I'ltime  de  ittm  reiiuirqmMe  mix  MUnionn  tin  Ptres  tie  la  Comimij- 
i,i,  ill  .IciiKiit  hi  XimilU  Friiriii  leK(iii>ie>'  16?,' «/  1«T3  I'ar  It  Iln:  I'n-  Clmili-  Dahlon. 
'Y\\\»  Ui'liitioii  was  printed  by  .loliii  (iilinary  Slieii  in  IWil. 

■.'  KiitliiT  HalT.ix  had  li^ft  llie  ini'viciU!*  vear  tn  lake  charge  of  tlif  Cayiiu'a  mission  in 
tiic  aljHfhio  of  KallKTdeearluil  for  the  recovery  of  his  health. 


Vll.nl-   A'-- 
Ji)ll('(.'|ilinli 

IV  (if  i[iiii't. 
['lie  Katlu-r 

i)f  .1  Illy,  a 
icrc  1  hail 
'iH'il  down, 
e  ivccivf'd 
lians,  from 

and  even- 
in   coMiinu' 

licforc  the 

llicni  lu'ar 
II  the  pros- 
iain  pi'i'son 
eh  she  had 
DP  a  length 

jndgnicnts 
istian    who 

niysterics. 
ig  of  all. 
exani|ile  of 

s  lie  In  ( 'nmixiij- 
Claude  Dnhlon. 

yiiiii  mission  in 


71 

the  pnnei|ial  mdi  who  ai'e  forerno.^t  to  eoiiie  to  pi-av  to  Goil. 
Tlie  Cliiel  of  the  llurons  allows  no  occasion  to  pas.s,  withoiil 
exhorting,  esiieeiaily,  tlie  old  men  to  cndn-acc  the  faith  with- 
ont  delay;  and  were  it  not  fortlie  eagerness  with  which  thev 
ivem-  to  .«upei'stiti.>us  rennMiies  in  their  sicknesses,  thischnivh 
wonld  lai-gely  ineivase  in  a  short  time.  Tii-  Xeiitei's  and 
the  Ononti.igas,  who  form  a  jiart  of  tiie  town.  ar(!  at  la.st 
softened  hy  the  example  of  the  Ilnrons  and  at  pre.^eiil  eome 
to  the  pi'aver  in  eonnnon  with  them. 

As  there  is  not  yet  a  eha[>el  in  the  town  of  St.  .laine.s, 
which,  however,  at  oiio  time  was  largei-  than  .<•  Michael,  I 
was  ol.liged  to  make  np  tin;  want,  hy  freipient  visits  ainoii.r 
theeahins,  l.oth  to  hapti/e  the  sick  iid'ants  and  to  instrue^ 
the  adnlt  sick  and  others.  I  a.ssist  tliem  in  the  praver,  after 
the  instrnction  in  the  cabins;  and  many  have  nmie  to' meet 
nie  at  St.  Michael  and  to  pray  todod  in  the  chapel.  The 
complaint  th:it  eaeh  one  m  ikes  to  me  when  I  go  to  .see  them 
is,  that  we  jirefer  the  Jliirons  to  them;   and   that  of  all  the 

ffofpiois  princijKd   town.s,  this  is  the  only  •  that  has  not  a 

mi.^s.ionary  among  tluMii ;  if  your  J{eveiviice  would  do  us  the 
favor  to  sen.l  us  a  third,  I  have  hope  that  he  will  be  well  re- 
ceived.' It  is  necessary  thei'e  for  the  commence, nent  of  a 
church,  which  can  only  be  successfully  done  l,v  a  person  who 
resides  on  the  spot,  since  there  are  many  infants  and  adults 
who  die  before  I  learn  of  their  sickne.ss.  and  conse.jiieiitlv 
without  a.ssuranee;  for  the  rea.son  that  I  am  not  on  the 
ground,  whatever  diligence  I  u.se,  it  will  be  that  som<'  con- 
tinually escape. 

r  have  baptixod  since  the  month  of  July,  1()72.  forty-three 
infants,  of  which  twenty-nine  rejoiced  soon  after  in  the  hai)- 
pincss  which  baptism  had  brought  them,  and  manv  of  the 
others  still  languish;  and  twelve  adult.s,  of  whom   nine  died 

I  Kathur  I'iorron  was  s„on  after  sent  to  St.  .lames  l„  accnlanee  with  this  reimest, 


slioi'llv  iifu-r  tlieii'  l.iiptisiii  mid  left  im;  oxrcllciil  signs  of 
tliL-ir  jiRMlostiiKition.  Uesi.les  those,  iimny  iiifiuits  arc  dead, 
bapti/.rd  ill  precediiigyears.  Among  tlie  twelve  adults  wlioni 
I  l.aptized,  the  divine  mercy  apiR'aml  more  especially  toward 
i-ertiiiii  ones  who  app(.Mred  to  olTer  tlie  greatest  resistance  to 
the  u-race.  The  tirst  was  an  old  man,  strongly  attached  to 
the  superstitions  of  the  eoniury,  and  ahove  all  to  the  princi- 
pal one,  which  is  the  fnll'.llnicnt  of  their  drea'-s.  (iod  served 
Himself  of  this,  at  the  same  time  for  his  salvation  :  for  after 
haviiiLi-  listeneii  often  to  wiiat  had  been  said  of  the  great 
Master  of  all  things  who  is  in  heaven  :  of  the  mercies  which 
He  bestows  upon  those  who  are  obedient,  and  the  judgments 
which  lie  inllicts  ni>on  these  who  are  rebelliou.s,  »t  was  per- 
mitted that  He  Himself  be  shown  to  him  in  a  dream,  which 
offered  to  him  his  frien<lship,  and  promi.sed  to  him  all  kinds 
of  flood  in  heaven.  1  had  no  further  diHi.Milty  in  persuad- 
c  wouM  listen  to  the  word  of  (Iod.  he  would 


ing  him  tliat  ii  n 


have  pitv  upon  him.  "  I  doubt  no  more."  replied  the  sick 
man.  ■■  'nake  me  to  understand  His  will  as  soon  as  po.ssible, 
that  1  mav  execute  it. 


1  l.'n.(iiifiit  r..ffr.'iioe  is  nm.lc  in  tlx'  previoim  nrlidcs  of  lliis  series,  as  iiidccil  tliroiinli- 
,„ii  lioih  the  lliinin  im.l  lt(.(|.w>is  IMafum.*,  t,.  Ilie  louver  i.f  ilreiiins  ov.t  the  siiviiu'e 
iiiiiiil,  whieh  wlieii  .mie  iiiter|)retc(l,  were  to  be  exeeiitetl  at  all  hazards.  The  Seneeas, 
H.conliiiL'  ti)  l-'ather  Fieiiiiii,  were  exeeeiliiislv  serupuloiis  in  Ihis  oheiliente  to  their 
diviiiiiy  This  superstition  retained  its  liold  amoiif.'  them  loiii;  after,  as  nniy  lie  inferred 
from  the  followin-  incident  civeii  by  Morgan  in  ills  lrnr,mU  Letwn,  lin  n  note  to  p.u'e 
■i\  11  wliich,  in  this  conneelion,  will  be  read  with  interest  ;  In  IHIO  the  ecOebrated  Corn- 
planter  chief  of  the  Seneeas,  resii;ned  his  cliiefship  In  conse(iaenee  of  a  dream.  "  Our 
in"  a  New  Year's  celebration  at  his  villai.'e  on  the  AlleL'any,  he  went  from  lionse  to  h..use 
for  tliree  oavs.  announcing;  whenever  he  went,  that  he  had  h.ul  a  dream  and  v.ished  to 
l.t  Home  erne  ti>  L-ness  it.  On  the  tliird  <lay  a  Senei'U  told  him  he  would  relate  ins 
dream  Seeinj;  liini  nearly  naked  and  shiverin..;  witli  cold,  lie  said,  yon  shall  lienceforlli 
be  eall.'d  Onono,  meanim:  coM.  This  si-nilled  mat  bis  name,  (iyantwalui,  sh.)uld  pass 
away  from  liir.  nn.l  with  it  his  title  us  chief.     lie  then  explained  the  interiiretation  to 

ornplanter  nuire  fully  :  that  he  liad  had  u  snmcieni  term  of  service  for  the  -ood  of  the 
nation  ;  that  he  was  ^'ro>vn  too  old  to  be  of  mn.h  further  use  as  a  warrior  or  a  conn- 
sellor  and  that  he  nnisl  therefore  apppoiMt  a  successor  ;  tlnil  if  he  wished  to  lire, 
serve  the  continued  ixood  will  of  the  (ireal  Spi  it.  he  must  remove  from  bis  house  and 
i<is;hl  every  article  of  the  workmanship  (r  invention  of  the  white  man.  ('ornplanter 
havins;  listened  with  earnest  attention  to  tliis  interpretation,  confessed  that    it  was  cor- 


signs  of 
arc  (load. 
ills  whom 
ly  tovvaitl 
istaiico  to 
tac'lied  to 
lie  iiriiu'i- 
od  served 
:  for  after 
the  great 
'ies  which 
udgiueiits 
t  was  per- 
im,  wiiieli 

all  kinds 
I   persiiad- 

he  would 
I  the  sick 
<  possihle, 


idi'i'il  tliniiii;li- 

IIT    till'    SIIVHS.'"' 

The  SuiU'Ciii-. 
lieiiti'  to  their 
my  lie  iiifenx'il 
It  note  10  ii.'ij,'!' 
■Ii'l)rateil  ('i)rii- 
Ireiiiu.     "  Oi'.r 

llOUW  to  lli.ll-c 

11  nd  v.islieil  to 
oiilil  rcliiti'  lii> 
Imll  lifiicefoflli 
liii,  xlioiild  pat's 
iti'iprflatioii  to 
llif  ii'utd  of  till' 
rioi-  or  a  conii- 
wUlu'd  to  i)ii'. 
1  liis  house  anil 
1,  t'ornphinter 
hat   it  WHS  coi- 


Anothci-old  man  of  the  Onenro  nation,  whom  1  had  so- 
licited for  a  Ioiil:-  time  Io  liceoine  a  Christian,  fell  sick:  his 
wife,  who  was  tlie  only  one  to  take  c;ii'e  of  him  also  was 
taken  sick  and  died  :t  few  days  aftci',  as  she  had  lived,  in  a 
<'hrisliaiidil;e  wav.  Thi'  maii>'cin,--  himself  in  the  last  e.\- 
treniitv,  commenced  to  listen  to  the  instrnetion  tliat  I  -ave 
'ii'--  'le  had  no  other  consol.ation  npon  eailh  lint  the  hope 
<if  l',M'adi-.e,  which  strengthened  in  him  coi.tinnallv  in  the 
mcasni'c  that  lie  Ki'i'amc  (jis'jnsted  with  liis  life. 

!  coHclnde  with  the  hapti-m  of  ;i  yoimn-  wom;,!!  who  Ian- 
eiiislied  for,-,  loirj  time.  ,<,!».  was  of  a  nvntie  and  innocent 
dispo-itioii  and  i'eadil\-  i-emeinliei-,  ■,  as  wimI  as  listened  i,, 
my  in-iiai,-tioiis.  IJoth  her  p.n'eiits.  who  had  ;,  .^reat  a\-er- 
sion  to  the  l''aith,  told  her  coniinnallv  that  she  should  not 
listen  to  me:  that  I  ou!y  deceived  hci'  and  that  she  woid.l 
'i'l'l  ill  h'MVen  onlv  tires  in  place  of  the  happiui'ss  I  jiad 
<MU<'d  her  t  .  h  ip-  for.  As  the  sava.u-c-;  have  Li-rcat  respect 
foi'  their  paivnts  and  lielieve  ivaddy  all  tUat  thev  sav  to 
them,  thi-  -oo.lwouian  foralcn-th  of  time  pra\e,l  to  (Joel 
I'onditionally  :  "if  it  i<  true  ih.at  one  is  happ\-  in  heaxcn, 
'i'hoii  who  ai't  the  Master  of  it.  ha\-e  pitv  on  mc  and  conduct 
me  there  aftci'  my  dcaih."  Aftei'  laliorin;;  for  a  loim  time  to 
remo\e  tlu'  suspirion  with  wlii.'h  they  had  inspired  her,  1 
l'"'l  'li' n.solatioii  of  .seciiiL;  her  d.'part  life  eutirelv  con- 
vinced of  the  truth   of  the  i-'ailh,  and    with  great  desire  to  go 

i-ortl.v  L'lU'sscd  and  that  liu  wi\*  ii-solvfd  to  cxeciitii  it.  His  prcscnis,  wliich  lie  had  re- 
ceived Iroiii  Washiiii.'lon,  .Adams,  .lelleiv-on  and  otheys,  hr  odleeted  to^'etlier,  with  the 
exce[plioi' (if  his  loniidiawl;,  ,ind  Imrned  them.  ,\moi  his  pre>ents  tlnis  consnnied, 
wan  a  lull  uniform  of  an  .Mn.iiean  officer,  iruhidinu'  a.i  eleirant  -word  and  his  medal 
ijiven  him  hy  Wasliiii-|„n.  He  Ihen  seleeled  an  old  and  inlimate  friend  to  he  his  suc- 
eessur.  ;ind  sent  to  him  hi^  tcunahawk  and  a  helt  of  wampum  to  announee  his  resolu- 
tion und  wishes.  Allli.Mi!.'h  contrary  to  their  cii-toms.  the  Seneeas,  out  of  reverence  for 
his  extracu-diuary  dream,  at  once  raised  up  «-  chief  the  person  seleeleil  hy  ('(u-iiplanter, 
and  iuv.'sied  him  with  the  name  of  (Jyaiitwaka,  whicli  he  hnre  iliirim.'  his  life,  foru- 
lihmier.  after  this  event,  was  always  known  auioii;,'  Ilie  Inxpiois  nnder  the  niiiiie  of 
Onono.  His  tomahawk,  the  last  relic  of  Corniihmter,  is  now  iu  the  Sta,e  Historical  Col- 
lection at  .\lliany.'' 


74 


to  heaven,  wliicli  made  licr  iiiiportiiiiatc  to  bo  bapti/AMl  as 
soon  as  ]iossil>le.  Scciu-ji;  licr  in  so  lioly  a  disposition.  T  ac- 
corded to  luT  (lesiiv :  and  f,'oinijr  to  sco  her  tlio  following  day, 
1  learned  that  she  had  died  soon  after  her  baptism.  At  the 
same  time,  I  learned  that  a  yonth  wo>in<leil  with  an  arrow, 
was  in  extremity;  I  ba|)ti/ed  him  and  in  an  hour  afterward, 
ho  died.  Seven  adults  and  ei>,dit  children  l)apti/.ed  by  Father 
Kalteix,  who  died  shortly  after  baptism,  increased  the  num- 
ber of  the  elect.'' 

It  was  in  this  y<!ar  (1()7.'5)  that  Krontenai!  began  the  fort, 
which  subseipiently  bore  his  name,  near  the  outlet  of  LaUe 
Ontario;  but  in  order  to  (piiet  any  suspicions  the  ircxpiois 
might  take  at  such  a  movement,  he  despatched  La  Salle  to 
Onondaga,  the  capital  of  the  confederacy,  to  arrange  for  a 
council  to  be  hehl  at  Kente'  the  last  of  Juno,  and  shoiild  he 
judge  proper,  to  convey  word  of  the  same  to  the  other  vil- 
lages. The  following  letter  of  Father  Garnier  to  Krontenac, 
written  from  Tsonnontouan,  under  date  of  July  10,  1073, 
(translated  from  the  Margry  Documents,  1.  pp.  239-240,)  will 
show  how  the  proposition  was  received  by  the  Senccas. 

"After  presenting  you  witii  my  most  humble  respects,  and 
assuring  vou  that  I  share  largely  in  the  general  joy  at  your 
liappy  arrival  in  the  country,  praying  God  that  IIo  would 
assist  you  by  His  spirit,  in  order  that  your  plans  may  suc- 
ceed to  the  advancement  of  His  holy  service;  for  the  honor 
of  the  King,  and  for  the  welfare  of  the  whole  country,  it  is 
my  further  duty  to  inform  you  of  what  js  passing  in  this 
quarter  regarding  the  King's  service.  As  soon  as  I  received 
yourconimands,  conveyed  liy  Sieur  de  la  Salle-,  I  ma<le  them 
known  to  the  savag(.'S  of  tliis  nation,  which  compri.ses  three 
principal  towns:  two  arc  composed  of  the  natives  ol  the 


1  Tlic  place  wa-<  clmnu'eil  at  llu'  n'(iiii'3t  of  tlu-  Iro(iiiois,  ami  the  council  was  hold  al 
Ciitanicoul,  the  silo  of  llie  iiV".K<ti(l  fort. 


[ 


laptiz-ed  as 

ition,  T  ac- 

)wiiig  (lay, 

1.     At  llio 

an  arrow, 

afterward, 

hy  Father 

I  tlie  iiiim- 

in  tlie  fort, 
let  of  Lake 
le  Irocjuois 
Na  Salle  to 
aiige  for  a 
1  sho\ild  lie 
3  other  vil- 
Krotitenac, 

10,  1073, 
1-240,)  will 
neeas. 

!sp(!('.ts,  and 
joy  at  your 

He  would 
is  may  suo- 
r  the  liotior 
)iintry,  it  is 
sing  in  this 
s  I  received 
ina<le  iheni 
prises  three 
ives  of  the 

iiicil  wus  hold  at 


eoimtry,  ;inii  the  third,  of  the  rciimaiits  of  several  Huron 
nations,  dcsiroycd  hy  the  lro(|Uois.  AltogrtluM',  they  are 
abl(!  to  raise  alioiit  eight  hundred  men,  eapaltle  of  conduct- 
ing \v,ir  against  their  ciuMuies.  'i'lie  chiefs  of  each  vilhce 
have  been  deputed  to  meet  you  at  the  jilace  which  you  have 
designated.  They  liave  made  peace  with  all  the  nations  with 
which  M.  dc  Courcelies'  had  forl)i(lden  them  to  make  war, 
the  King  having  taken  them  under  his  protection.  They 
have  recalled  all  their  young  men,  n.imoreto  turn  tluMrarms 
against  that  region.  Their  greatest  desire  now  is,  to  carry 
on  commerces  with  Montreal  whither  tlu^y  will  gladly  tjike 
their  skins,  if  their  commodities  Hnd  as  good  a  market  there 
as  at  Orange,  where  this  year  they  have  advanced  in  price. 
They  greatly  desire  that  the  French  should  dwell  in  their 
country,  above  all  such  as  will  be  mostu.seful,  as  blacksmiths. 
and  armorers.  These  are  the  re(]uests  tiiey  make  for  them- 
selves.    1  am,  etc." 

The  French  occupation  of  the  Niagara  iiiver  under  La 
Salle,  in  1(578,  rendered  itexpedient  to  send  another  embassv 
to  the  Seneca.s,  to  quiet  their  suspicions,  more  partieularlv 
with  reference  to  the  })rojcct  of  building  there  a  vessel  to 
facilitate  jiurposes  of  trade.-'  The  mission  was  conlided  to 
the  Sieur  de  la  Motte,  accoin[)anied  by  the  Recollect  Fatiier 
Louis  Hennepin,  who  records  the  journey  of  five  days  from 
Niagara,  in  th(>  dead  of  winter',  ami  their  reception  at  the 
Seneca  village.-^  Th(>  next  day  after  tlu^ir  arrival  (January  1, 
l()7ii),  mass  was  celebrated  in  the  little  bark  chapel  and  a 
.sermon  was  iireaclied  iiy  Hennepin,  lioth  the  Fatli(!rs,  (Jar- 
nier  and  RaU'eix,  being  ]iresent.  The  council  was  conveniMl 
the    following   ilay,  compulsed   of   fort  v-two  sachems;   "and 

1  'riic  pi-cdcrt'ssdr  .,r  Knuitcnai-  .1-^  (Mi\<'ni()r  nf  New  I'lancc!. 

■•'  Foi'  II  full  nocciuiit  nf  this  iMitiTpiiso  nnd  tlu'  suliscciuoiit  fiirtimeii  of  tho  vcf^sel,  wu 
The  liiiiltibiij  (iiul  ]'<i!/(i;/r  (,/■  Ih,  (,ii,ff<m  in  limi,  hy  O.  U.  .Mnrfhall. 
•'  Sh«rt^  Ui'iiiioiiin,  lhsf)ii)fl,,n  (if  l,<ii(hi<uiii,  pp.  7.")  81. 


altl„.u-h  tln'Sf  Ii..li:ms  (says  II.MiiK'pin).  wlio  luv  ulmost  all 
|;,r^,.  nuMi.  wciv  iii.Mvl.v  wnipiH'.!  iii  rolx's  ..f  hv.ww  <.r  wolf 
skins  iiinl  >"iii''  i"  I'l'"'!^  S(ininvl  skins.  ol't.Mi  with  a  i.ipc  in 
t|„.  MHHilli,  no  SiMiatnr  ..f  Vcni.'c  ever  assnnicd  a  -rravrr 
,,„, I, ,,.„;,, irrur  spok.-  with  inoiv  wci-iit  than  the  InHjUois 
s;„.h."ns  in  ihcir  ass(Mnl>li.'S."  After  the  m\vy\n-r\i'v  had 
.■xi.h.ii.'Ml  -Aw  nl.j.'ct,  of  tins  visit,  statin.--  "  th;it  tlic  Si-'ur  dc 
;,  ••  ,1..,  thrir  fncii'l.  was  liMin-  t..  ImiM  a  ,i:iv;it  wh.mK'Ii 
(_M.'  ,-.  U)  .•  ;nul  seek  l;'>u(|s  in  l-luruiic  I'.v  a  .iidrtcr  w;iy  than 
,1,,,;  .;  ti„'  •■:  li.is.'f  till'  St.  l,:iwrcncr.  in  onliT  t..  supply 
,l„.,n  with   tlu    .anu'al    a  .■hciiper  fiitr."  witli    ..tiicr  ivasoiis. 

ihc    rUSti.ll.iirV     plV.-<MltS    Wi'lV    ( 1  isl  Tl!  Ml  t  cm  1     in     liclllllf    (.f    tin' 

l.-,,.i„.l,  ,,i,tinn,  (■.,n>i>tin-  -f  li-^'Is  t..  the  viilnc  -f  f.-ur  Iniii- 
,1|.,.,|  livivs.  r.iit  l"'f"iv  Ins  sp.vch.  Sicnr  dc  la  Muttc 
,l,.,ii;nHlcd  th."  withdrawal  fn.in  the  .•..nncil.  of  the  .Irsiiil 
(lanmT,  of  whom   hi;  was  suspicions:  and   llennriMn.'   iiioi- 

1   Kall.er  Lori-  IIi-.nnkimn  waslmrn  iit  Atli.  \n  Hainliiit.     II>'  .■iil.ml  tli.'  ..nlir  "f  Si. 
Kr.nci-  MS  a  lU.M.r  in  Hi..  ll«nM.  ct  .■..i,v...it  at  ll.lliuiu.  in   (lu-  pi-.viu.e  of  Ait„iv     II.' 
,,,iv..,l  in  C'ana,la  in  S,,,.,.,nl...r  l.;;:...-,,  Ihe-an...  v-.-..!  «ilh  K..la.r,  Cayeli.T.  Sioir  ,1,. 
|.,s.,ll.-t..«lH.m  Lnni.  XIV  l.a.l  i:nint...l  U-ll.Ts.,f  noliilil.v  aial  iM'  M.|..'ni.ay  ..f  I...! 
Krol.u.na.-,  a  >Uml  tin,..  prvvLm..     H.'  .ionrnry..,!  ax  a  ,nissi,.na.y  t..  .lilT,.r..nt   p.nnt.^ 
.,ml  from  K.nt  Kf.n.ti.na.  will,  a  sinijleconMrnninn  n.a.l..  a  j.mrn..y  ..n  .n.m-..ln...s  t„  1... 
o.nntry..rtl,.'  Inapioi,,  ^i^i.in^'  tin'  Onon.la-a-,  Onei.la  an,l   M..lm«k   .anl.ins.  al  Ih.' 
latter   nu...tli.^'Falh..rl(rnvas,a...l  n.alii.i.  a  ...py  ..f  lnH/,-„.7«.-  .U/'''"'.'.  art..,- vvhi..  , 
|„.  retun,..,!  t."  K.,rt  KnaUrna.-  an.l  Iniilt  a  .nis>i„„  1,.,,,-.'  It.  which  ln„,n,„.  an.l  l.f..n,h 
,,il.l,...„  «■..,-..   associat...!   U-.'-.thur  in  a   ...^...1.     In   l(i:S   lu.  was  „„..  ..f  llu'   nninh...; 

-..l..c.t..,lt..a....o,ni.aMy  l.aSall..in  his  r.niith  v„ya....  ..f  ,lis,.nv..ry  tnthe  s,.nth.w..s    o, 

,h..   ,'roal  lakes.    Th..  party  U.ft   F..rt    Kr.mtc.na,.   in    Noven.h.T.   an.l    a  t..r  o.mst.n^' 
..lun.'th..  n..rtlu.rn  slnav  .,f  Lake  Ontarh.  vrach..,!  T..iaiai;..n  at  th..  hea.l  ..f  th.' lakr. 
On  the  (ilh  of  |)..e..,nh..r  th..y  reaeh..,!  the  >n,a,.h  ..f  th..  Nia^-ara  fiver  whi.h  ....  l.ar,|ne 

In.l  ev..r  yet  entere.l.  The  n..Nt  .lay  ..x,,l..rati...,s  were  .na.l.-  to  tin.l  a  snitahle  plaee  1,. 
.i.nstrne.  a  vessel  almve  the  falls,  whi.-h  n.snlte,!  in  sel...tinL'  a  point  <n.  <-'ayni;a  cieek 
„ear  tliepr.-si.nt  hamlet  ..f  l-a  Salle.  While  the  workmen  were  en.-ai,-...!  in  the  cm- 
.;tr.i.-ii.n.  of  this,  the  llrst  vess.^l  to  navic-'ate  the  npper  lakes,  he  a...-..>npani...l  s.enr  .1.. 
la  Mott...M.  a  live  days- winter  .iourney  through  the  f.-rest  to  the  .reat  village  S.m..n- 
ton.n   of  the  Seneeas,  ..f  ^vhieh  Te^Mr..nhi..s  was  .hief  sachem,  an.l  h..nee.  s.-metiines 

,,,|1...|'t, ronhi..s  town.     This  was  then   ha-ale-l  .m  11...  west  si.l..  of  Il..n..oy..  cr....k.  a 

mile  an.l  a  hair  N.  N.  W.  of  llon,...ye  Falls.  Father  .Inlian  (iarnier  was  th.'!.  ineharL'e 
of  the  .Misshm  at  this  villa.'e,  a.al  Sieur  .le  la  Motte  refi.se.l  to  .leliver  his  messa,...  t,. 
the  eoiincil  in  his  pr..sence,  for  whi.-h  reason  (oirnh.r  witlulrew  accmpani...!  hy  Hem,..- 
nin  b,.thhi^'hlv..lTen.k.,l.  The  v..ssel,  nann.l  the  laitl.m,  was  lamiehe.l  ,.arly  ,n  Ihe 
Iprin.-  hm.ledwithafor^e.ship  carpenter's  to..l»  and  the  iron  w.,rk  for  a  vessel  to  he 


iilmost  all 
el  dl'  wolf 
I  ;i  iMpc  in 
a  ;iia\<'r 
■  lr(ii|U(iis 
iiTliT  had 
('  Sk'UI-  (Ic 

it      WhimIcII 

•  \\;iv  tliau 

to    >Up|il\ 

.'!■  rcasiiiis. 
lalf  (-!'  tlw 
four  Inni- 
la  Mottr 
the  .I('~uil 
I'lmi.'   uior 


till'  ortlir  iif  SI. 
■  of  Arlciis.  Ml' 
ivclicr,  Siciirdr 
•i'_'tii(iry  i)f  Korl 
iillircnt   point.''. 

KlW-sllIX'!'  to  till' 

caul  1)11*.  Ill  till' 
ifn.  iifliT  wliicli 
iiois  iiiiil  Kri'iicli 

of    till'     lllimlHT 

e  sonlliwi'sl  iif 
I  afliT  CDUstiiif.' 
leinl  iif  till'  liiki'. 
ivliirli  nil  biirqiu' 
suit.ihli'  pliu'i'  lo 
ni  t'ayui;ii  cri'i'k 
ii;i'<l  ill  tliu  con- 
ipimiiil  Sienr  ilu 
t  villin;!'  Siiiion- 
ii'ncc.  soini'tinu's 
lloni'oyi'  iTi'i'l<.  a 
lis  ilu'ii  ini'liaiL't' 
T  liis  nifssai^c  to 
lanicii  liy  Ilfniic 
L-liud  early  in  llii' 
ror  a  vosKol  to  lie 


tilioil  at  tlio  airi-oiit  L'iviMi  to  tlic  iiiissioii;ir\-  of  ili,.  villnL'c. 
witliilfcw  witli  hiiii  ainl  took  no  fartlirr  part,  lor  that  daw  in 
thi'  pronvdin-S.  'I'lif  nrxt  ihiV  the  .S'Hrras  ivpllrd  to  the 
piv>ciit.>^,  artiric  iiy  .-irtic'h'.  cxprcoinu-  th.'ir  siti-lartioii  and 
'l"''i'  tlianks.  On  tin'  last  dav  -.f  thr  icninril,  a  hand  of 
Seneca  warriors  l.ri)n<j:lil  in  a  •■  IIontona,L;-;ilia"  captive  and 
aft(>r  suliieetini^-  him  t.)  the  ciistom.arv  torlnres.  allowed  the 
children  tocnt  Kits  of  llesh  from  the  dead  ImuIv,  and  eat  tlcm. 
Disiiiisted  with  the  whole  scene,  d.'  I, a  .Motte  and  his  com- 
panions withdrew  from  the  ehiefs  I'ai.in  and  without  dclav 
retracci!  their  steps  thr.iM'jh  the  f.irests  to  the  Niaiiara  I'iier. 
Ill  the  meanwhile  the  work  of  the  missionaries,  iiov.  In 
forced  hy  the  arrival  of  Father  .lohn  I'ierron  from  the  .»|, 
hawk,  was  eontcst.i;d  at  evcrv  step,  cspeeiallv  liv  tin  med- 
icine men,  who  were  ever  nsiiii:-  their  inlliieiice  with  the 
people,  for  th;-  perseciitiiin  of  the  missionaries,  "(i,-,  'lier 
was  licensed  of  sorcerv.  .ind  a-  aceiisatioii  and  condemnatioii 
were  nearly  .synonymous,  they  determined  to  toina  vk  him. 
'i'he  e.Neciitioncr   was  named  and  paid  :    Init  Coil  averted  tin' 


iiiiill  on  llic  lmiiks,,r  ilic  niinoiH  river,  and  marhM  on  its  prriloiis  voya-o  Au-iim  7. 
KiT!).  CoastiM-  aloiiu'  111.'  iiortli  sli„re  of  Luke  l-:rie,  Ihn.iiLdi  laken  St.  e'lai'r  and  lliiioii. 
they  reaehed  St.  I-naee  of  Micliilliniaeinar.  and  aflerwaid  an  island  at  tile  enlianee  of 
(ireen  li.iy,  uliere  the  ear-o  was  unloaded  and  iraiisf.Tied  to  small  lioats,  anil  the  vessels 
reloaded  with  furs  and  sent  liaek  to  Nia-ara.  Tlioy  reached  the  soiitliern  e.Mieiiiity  of 
I.akeMiehi-aii  Octolier -.Nth,  from  which  two  routes  led  to  the  Illinois;  one  IbUowed 
hy  .Maniiielte  and  .loliet  on  their  return  l.y  way  <  f  Desplaines  and  t'liicai;o  river-  ;  the 
other  hy  way  of  St.  .loscph'.s  on  the  ,ast  side  of  the  lake,  to  present  South  Head,  and 
thence  hy  a  short  iiortai;e  to  the  Kankakee  imd  down  it  t„  the  Illinois.  I,a  Salle  chose 
the  hitler  and  consiructed  at  the  mouth  of  St.  .loscpli's  a  fort  nameil  the  Kort  of  Mia- 
niis.  On  the  3d  of  Decemher  they  ascendeil  the  St.  .Joseph's  lo  the  portau'e.  and  thence 
descended  the  Kankakee  and  Illinois  to  present  Peoria,  where  a  second  fort  was  coiii- 
inenced  under  the  siirnilicaiu  name  of  Fu:f  Cn  r,nin/r  i<r  the  Itroken  Heart,  for  this 
apparently  marked  the  extreme  western  limit  of  l.n  Halle's  third  attempt  and  t'liinl  fail- 
ure t.,  reai'h  the  -reat  Mississippi.  Here  the  kee.  was  laid  of  a  l.aniue.  in  which  it  was 
I.roposed  to  descend  the  Mississippi  From  here,  with  two  companions,  Michael 
Accanit  and  Anthony  Anf,'iielle.  Hennepin,  on  Kebrnarv^Mith,  wmh  sent  to  explore  the 
upper  Mississippi,  and  lay  the  foundation  for  missions  anion-  the  nnkn<.wn  tribes 
They  descended  the  Illinois  to  the  Mi.ssissippi  and  thence  ascendin-  the  lattcT  thromdi 
the  drirtin«  ice.  were  on  the  lllh  of  April  ICHIl,  e.iptured  hy  a  party  of  !',•(»  Sioiix  who 
were  descendinj,'  the  river  to  make  war  on  the  Miami's,  Illinois  and  Tam«roas.-,J.  S.  C. 


lf*<J 


78 

l.lnw.  Kntr.MN  s.MiMlit  to  l.';i(l  :i  ^ly'uvi  ,Lnrl  to  llir  tnitli,  l)Ut 
siiL'li  WHS  the  hiilri'il  tlu'ii  iiri'vailiuL''  ;i,L'aiii.-l  tli''  iiiis>i<'ii!ifii'S, 
tliat  she  spniii:!;  fn'iii  llic  sick  I'uiicli  ami  t.uT  his  I'ai-i'  wit'i 
lior  nails,  till  lif  slivaiiiol  with  liln.nl.  llcirHl  not  hMwcviT, 
dcsi'air;  coiilimiii);.' his  visits,  his  kiml  ami  L'tnllf  inamiiTs 
disabusinl  her.  She  listoiicil.  was  conviiu'i'il,  and  to  his  con- 
solution  (licil  piously  uttt-rin^'  a  prayer  to  .Icsns  the  (livi-r  of 
life.'" 


1  8ho«'«  CallioW'  .Wj»»ion(i.  81)8  3. 


lltll,   l)Ut 

itiiiiirios, 

iiiwcvt'r. 

iiiiiimrrs 

liin  t'oii- 

(iivt-r  ol 


VIII 


Tliis  ctiiiptcr  will  (\)n(!lii(l.'  the  liistorv  i>f  tlic  Sciiccii  Mis- 
sions ;  and  comprises  all    tliat   iiiav   lie  ^MtlidHMl   from  l{,-l,i 
film  IHT.'i   !».' 

Father  iiafVcix  writes  from  Sounoiit(niaii  in  lliese  torms  : 
"  We  endeavor  to  let  nocliildrcndio  without  huptism.      I  have 
conferred  it  on  many  this  year,  l(!7o,  several  of  whom  died 
after  recoivin-?  it.     As  they  are  our  surest  <,'ain,   they   form 
our   ^rreatest   eonsolalion,   and    wc'    wateh   over  tlietn    witfi 
ai)eeial  eare,  and  Uod  very  often  in  re;4ard  to  these  innocent 
little  ones  diseovers  tlie  treasures  of  liis  s})eeial   Providenc^c. 
Freipiently  mothers  who  had  no  inclination  for  the  faith  have 
come  to  me  to   restore  to  health   their  dyin<r  children,  who 
expired  after  I  had  jriven  tliem  spiritual  health  liy  haptism, 
instead  of  the  hoilily  health  they  had  hrou/^ht  me  to  confer. 
I  had  for  six  months  been  wateiiin-r  a  sickly  little  child. 
Our  fear  of    makinjj;  apostates,  in  case  they  recover  from  dis- 
ease, makes  us  wait  to  the  last,  till  dan^'erof  death.     S.itan 
envious  of  the  <rlory  which  this  child  will  render  to  God  for 
all  eternity  in  heaven,  it  was  carried  away  to  a  cabin  remote 
from  the  village,  and  deep  in  the  woods. 

besides  this  1  hianied  that  it  was  dyiIl.!.,^  One  day  as  I 
was  ready  to  say  mass,  I  was  told  that  some;  were  ^foin<f  to 
that  cabin.  1  had  l)CLf<j;ed  tliem  to  let  mc  know  when  any 
one  was  g()in>r.  1  left  the  villa>^e  with  tho.se  who  .-et  out  to 
go  there,  and  I  ascertained   the  road  they  took.     After  mass 


1  The  several  IriinKliitioiH  roiitaiiied  in  lliin  clmpter  woro  miide  l.y  Dr.  ,I„liii  (iilmary 
Shea,  for  Uiu  prcBciit  work. 


80 

I  stiirtol.  'I'lii' chilir.-*  ^iiMiiliiiu  iiii'ji'l  iii;i(li'  iiic  liiid  pinplc 
lit  I'vrrv  fork  of  the  roiid.  r>iil  1  sIdiiM  ncvr  li;i\r  u"! 
tliori'.  Iiail  iiiit,  tlirt'c  vniinir  I'liililn'ii.  who  lia<l  c'(.iiir  Irmn  ihc 
|ilacc  wliitlicr  1  was  ).'<'ii)^f,  ami  wl:i>  \vciv  mi  tlinr  way  \\>>\\\r. 
(•lian,i;vil  tlirir  iniiul.  Tlicy  tui'iii'.l  liad;  with  inc.  ImU  ^'aiii 
piTnl  aroiiiul  in  tin-  wtmils  so  liiat  I  lost  >i'jlit  of  tlicm.  I 
oviTlouk  tlii'iii  at  last  an'l  riMi'licil  ilir  imIiui,  lait  foiiml  ncitlMT 
tlic  nintlicr  nor  tlir  '\\\wj.  I'liild  tlidv.  altlion-!i  tlir  tliivc 
cliiMivn  liail  left  till-Ill  iIk'Iv  >liortlv  licfoiv.  I  smt  tlncc 
tinier  lo  call  the  niotlicr  from  a  nci'j'lilioriii'j  licM  to  wliidi 
siif  was  in  till' lialiit  of  t'oinii'.     'I'lirri'  tiinrs,  t.'o,  I  went  llirrr 

nivscif,  ami  as  I  was  rrtiirnin'-:  tlif  last  time  si iitiTnl   the 

raliHi  with    hrr   .•liiM    from   another   <lirn'tion.      1    ivmai 1 

some  time  with  it  wliilf  she  went  to  frtdi  water,  uliidi  i  nscil 
to  liapti/t'  the  chilli,  which  'ticil  soon  after. 

Von  sec  iiow  a  inissioiiarv  should  not  spare  himsclt,  1  -'t 
if  he  has  not  Lireal  tact,  he  will  lose  manv  o|i.pi  rt  iinilics  of 
acting'  foi'  the  salvation  of  the  children. 

"  Last,  vear  they  haptixi'd  lioit  Iroquois.  'I'he  yeai'  licfuie 
Father  (larnicr  hajitizcd  oo  in  one  of  the  Seneca  towns,  and 
l-'ather  i'ierron  !•  ■  at  Sonnoiitonan.'' 

lil'-.I^A'IIoN'     ll'>7;l    -I,  C'llAl'.   V.   MIS.slON.S    ()!•■    .sT.    MICIIAKI.     \M> 
>(■.    .lAMlOS    AMOMl    'I'llK   i^l'lNKi'.V.s. 


If  the  liiiiians  of  tlio  town  of  St.  Michael  wero  as  well 
weaned  from  the  superstitions  of  the  country  as  they  have 
liitherto  preserveil  themselves  from  the  vice  <if  drunkenness, 
tlu'i-e  would  he  no  diiliculty  in  makin.Lr  them  Ljcnuinc  Chris- 
tians. Most  of  them  solie-it  haptism  fi'oni  i''atlicr  (iarnier, 
who  is  ohliLied  to  refiist.'  them,  hecau.so  they  will  not  renounce 
certain  daiiees  and  other  superstitious  ceremonies,  whicli  they 
employ  as  remedies  in  sickness.  Two  thin.irs  render  tlii'ir 
attachtiK^nts  to  this   kind   of   folly    more   dillieult    to    hreak. 


1  |irii|i|c 
;  I  \  r    ^1  it 

Viiiii  tilt' 
y  Imiiic'. 
lit  si'aiii- 
lii'iii.       I 

I  llfitluT 
ir  thrn- 
lit  tlilt'i' 
.1    wliicli 

■lit  tlicrc 
■ml  the 
I'liiiinii'il 
li   I   iK.'il 

iscir,  i-'t 

lllitH'S  <lt' 
II'  lii'l'iirr 

wiis,  ar.il 


\i;i,    AND 


iis    well 

li'V     llMVI' 
li\rllll<'SS, 

lie  Chris- 
(iililiicl'. 
I't'lMillllcr 
licli  tlicy 
Km-  tlii'ir 
I)   l>reiik. 


81 

'''"'  '■''■"'  '^  ''"'  f"'^"  '"'I f  ivrnvcririir  thnr  Ii.,,!il,  ],y  this 

","■•''"'•      ''''"•  •'"' '    '■'   ""•   l""lit   whirh  iiKi„vi|..nv,.'lV.m, 

'"■'"•  l'l"^li"^n,.tpivv.M,t,.,|  twM  uf  th,.,H.,.,vst|-,iMnlirsiii 
'l;"'"^^ii  li"ins..itni...  ;inrx,M,n|,|,.,,r  ,■,„„•...,.  ,.„„|  |i,|,.|„v„, 
'""'•""  •'"•  "">'■'■  ^"llliiralih'.ih.'lMiiilrh  il.  I.\  ;,l,;il„|.,|,iM..thr 
';'■'"■" ''■    ''"'^•'    -M|"TMltln|,.,   thrv    ,|..,,Mvr,|     I  h..,„>,.|  vr.  nf 

'iM'nnlvstMvlrf,  thi.,nt,M,.|i..vrtl,..ir,,,.v,.mnMi|   ..M,v,n,. 
Ill  till',-.'  )i.M,r  savjiiivs.  sitiiilar  rilVi-is  of 


want.      \Vr  ul'tfii  M'.' 


•■'  l"'\v.Tf.il,ura.M..  aiirM.haii  ir.tii, v  i.i    ury virtnr 

A   lliin.i.    ■.voM.an.    whn   ha,|    1,,,,.    I,..,.|,    ;,    Christian,  alt-r 

''•'""'-    ''''■''  '".^'••■■•'t   i •.'iHT i„l,iii,.,|    with  I, h  .h'h 

'M'TmI    ,.,,„..,,,„.,.,  |V,.lin,^    |„.,s,,|f  attarkr.l  l,v    a  .i.\,.|v  ,h>. 

'•'■'''•    "'"""" I    '!"■    '•'•■'"'••I'   ^'>   •-.  toassinv   him.  n,    th.. 

I"'*'"'"' '    ■•'"  l"'''  iMii'liv.hthat  .hrwi> I  t.M|i,.,ssh..ha,| 

'"'■''•  '■'•"""""•iiivvrrvlhiiiu  at  \anai w,ih  h.T  ,,r..h.<M..n 

"'     '■'"■'^"■'"ity.      A.   slir    s ,    saw    h.rsrif  l„..,.t    l,v    thr 

"""'"■""• '"■■ii=Hi'ls.M,thsa,vrrsnf  ihiTuuMtrv.  w ■..;..!  h.T 

"'I'"''"'""'""""   I'Msttofll   hiTtI aiis..;.|-    hiT-lrath    <Un 

"■"  '"•■'  '■''""  '"   '"•   ''i'l  "I'  their  i.M|.nrtiiiiitv.   aii.l   .Jvin- as 
''"■    "■•'"■    ''■•"'    li''i'>''lf -am...!    I,,    the   iiii.Mh'    nf  th..    lirlils 

'''"'"'■"  ^''"   '^'''"-   '"''•^l<    'I".  Kathrr   t, .,.,,„„.  ,n,|   sii vst,  to 

iin-swiiir  ,,i,,„s,,|,,v..rs.  This  iiulih.  art  „irrit...|  h.r  ..l.taiii- 
m^.iisa  ivwar.1  ill  this  hlr.  thr  ,.,„iv,.rsi,,u  ,,|-  h.r  hMshaml 
\\lnh-sh..hv..|  li.' woi, 1,1  nrvcr  listen  tnaiivthiii.^mr.-anlti. 
ins  l-in,.l,a,iti/..,l:  l.nt.  as  s,.„n  as  she  was  ,h.a,l.  h,.  was  the 
(irst  t..  ask  this  favnr,  with  L:ivat,eanM.stiH.ss.  Tims  ,1,,,..  (i.„l 
'lisplav  m  these  far  .■i.iiiUries,  as  well  as  elsewhere,  that  he  is 
the  Master  uf  hearts,  f.  tni„.ji  ,.,,1,1  attra.-t  then,  ellieaeiously, 
'"  ""•"""■•"I'i  111  the  maimer  that  ii..  pleas,...      I[e  s,.,.„,s  f„ 

'■■^l'"'''  ■•^'•'"^'  "t  'Ih'    irnf  .leath.  aii.i    ,..npl,,vs    li,„lilvail- 

nu-nt  t,.  restore  health  to  th,.  soul,  as  h,.  ,|„1  m  the  ..as,.' ,,f  a 
vouiii:  woman,  the  infeetioi,  ,.xlialm,i:  fr..in  whose  li,„lv  |,a,l 
M.a.le  them  turn  out  of  .several  i-ahms,  although  the  In.lians 
'"•e  fai      on,  ,„..,.  ,„  „„,|,   ,„,^^,,.^_     .,,,_^.  „^i,,,- ,„.,,,^,  ^^,^^^  ^^.„ 


S'.* 


Irs.s  i^u,  ami  lliis  inrcrtiwiis  n  1  )r  diil  n.>t  prevent  liis  assiduous 
visits  t(i  insli'uct  her.  llcloinul  licr  vorv  well  .lispostMl  by 
tlie  lively  aiilireliensinii  nl  the  sulVeiMU,L;s  of  a  future  lif''.  ami 
by  ilee]i  s(prrow  for  liaviuu'  iii'lul^eil  iu  a  life  of  sin  The 
Katliei'  (lei'uied  it  expedient  to  LH'ant  lier  the  ,l; race  of  baj)- 
lisin,  and  he  had  I'easou  for  prompt  action,  for  the  sai'ratnent 
was  inmie>liately  followe  I  by  deatii. 

Thei'c  are.  others  whom  God  eonverts  by  the  ministry  and 
exhortations  of  those  who  resist  eonversion  tlieinselves.     An 
Indian  of  the  town  of  the  Coneeption  has  already  obtained 
the  salvation  of  several  of  his  relatives,  but  has  heeii  unwill- 
ing to  labor  for   his  own   salvation.      He   is  a    man   of  very 
good  sense,  who  has  always  taken  pleasure  in  the  instruction 
of  the  missionaries.      As  he   has  nineli   intellcet,  he  is  well 
versed  in  the  mysteries  of  our  reli.t^ion  ;  he  calls  himself  a 
Christian  by  choice,  although  his  life  has  hitlierto  rendered 
him  unworthy  of  bai)tism.     When  he  learns  that  any  of  his 
relatives  or  friends  is  dangerously  ill,  he  goes  and  instructs 
him,  and  to  be  more  easily  believeil  by  the  patient,  he  assures 
him  that  he  has  long  examined  what  the  Black  Gowns  say, 
and  that  after  all  his  examination,  he  could  find  notiiing  that 
did  not  conform  to  the  truth  ;  that  moreover  he  is  persuad- 
intr  them  oidy  to  do  what  he  intends  to  do  himself;  and  he 
intends  really  to  solicit  baptism  when  he  sees  he  is  going  to 
die.     He  says  these  things  so  appositely  and  skillfully,  that 
scarcely  one  fails  to  be  convinced,  or  be  perfectly  prepared 
by  him  to  receive  that  sacrament.      He  did   this  recently  so 
hapjiily  in   the  case  of  one  of  his  nei)hews,  that  Father  Gar- 
nier  was  delighted  at  the  fervor  with  which  this  young  man 
solicited   baptism,  and  the   rare  dispositions   with   which  he 

received  it. 

But  of  all  the  means  which  God  employs  most  in  these 
three  towns  of  St.  Michael,  Si.  James  and  the  Conception, 
which  belong  to  the  nation  of  tlie  Seneeas,  tluit  which  most 


83 

Wlicadously  rciiwrts  tlu«  In.iians,  is  mis-Tv  and  Immi.t  al)an- 
'loncl  hv  all  civatuivs.      None  aro   lH-l,t,,T   ,lis|,.,sr.l  t.,  hear 
instnu-tions  or   more  prompt   in  olK-yiiijr   tlio  niovcmmts  of 
gni<-c.  t'.iaii  the  poor  slaves  or  other  persons  destitute  of  all 
succor,  and  forsaken  l.y  all  the  world.     These  trive  the  mis- 
sionary tlie,  frreatest  consolation,  and   amid   their   t(Mnporal 
Kuscnes.  they  more  voluntarily   receive  the  K'>'>d  tidin.^s  of 
then-  eternal  ha].piness.     The  Father  has  l,apti/e.l  this  year 
some  of  this  class,  and  they  all  live  as  true  Christians.  "  lie 
rnioht  have  expected  the  same  success  witli  many  others,  if 
lie  had   had  time  enough  to  continue  to  instruct' them   and 
at  the  same  time  attend  the  sick   who  have  been  very  nam- 
erous.  and  many  of  whom  died  after  receiving  baptism. 

MISSION   OK   THE   CONCEl'TION    AT   SONNONTOUAN. 

Father  RafTeix,  who  has  charge  of  this  mission  writes  as 
follows:     "The  great  number  of   superstitions,  which   have 
gathered  here  with  these  tribes,  which  have  taken  refuge  here 
after  the  destruction  of  their  own  countrv,  raises  up  a  very 
notal)le  obstacle  to   the   propagation    of  the   .^ospel       The 
remoteness  of  the  Frcncli,    whoso  settlements  the  Senocas 
rarely  visit,  makes  the  teaching  of  our  Faith  seem  strancre  t,. 
them.  ],ecause   they   have   luwcr  seen  any  one  believe^md 
practice  it.     Moreover  libertinage  and  moral  corruption  which 
makes  them  publicly  approve  an.l  praise  all  vices,  do  much 
to  induce  them  to  live  like  beasts,  and  make  them  insensible 
to  all  t;.at  concerns  salvation.      Not   but  that  a   vcrv   -rood 
natural  disposition  is  obsc.-val.lc  in   >nany,  and   that  mo^t  of 
them  are  much  loss  subject  to  their  passions  than  Europeans 
But  where  corrupt  nature    ales,  men  give  way  to  bad  exam- 
pie,  and  these  rich  natures  which  will  one  day  do  wonders 
when   virtue  controls   them,  are  as  yet  too  weak   to  resist 
iinman   respect.     Few  adults    would  die  without  rcceivin- 


84 


1nii>tisiii,  if  wo  coiilil  lind   llicm  alone  In  instruct  tlicni  :   Imt 
tlic  slianu;  of  jnissinL''  for  Cliristiinis  in  tlu"  ryv  of  tliosc  who 
arc  not.  is  a  ureat  olista(;lo  to  tlicii'  conversion.      Ami  for  tliis 
reason  I  l:avc  liccn  unalilc  this  year  to  liapti/.e  more  than  ten 
adults,  wlio  all  (lied  after    iveeivin^- that   lllessin,L^      Many  of 
tho.se  who   i>rav  to  God  when    they  are  alone  in  the  chapel. 
would    he  ashamed  to  do  so   ln'fore   those   who  do  udt  pray. 
A  V(jun,L;'  woman  took  poison  in   conse(picnce  ot   some  Lii'iev- 
ous  displeasure  she  had  received.      1  went    to  >ct'   her  in  hci- 
ca'.)in  sevei'al  times  tospeak  to  licrof  her  salvaiion.      Unman 
ri'speet  sealed  her  lips.      From  time  to  time  1  took  her  ic/me- 
dies   and  some   delicacies,  that  she  miuht    relish  nioiv    easily 
what  !    said  of  (ioil.  and  of  the  eternal    happiness  oi'  misery 
of  her  soul.      As  lon.i:-  as  liei'  husliand  or  mother    was   !ie:ir 
her,  sIh!  would    not  speak   at  all.      I  saw   clearlv  that  I  mint 
lind  lu'r  alone,  and  that  very  soon,  foi'  she  was  near  hei'  end. 
1  went  there  sometimes  so  early  or  <o  late  that  I  lost  mv  way 
in  the  fields  as  1  returned.      .\.t   last  one  day    when  her  hus- 
band was  away,  and  her  mother  went  for  water,  she  opened 
her  lu'art  to  me,  praying  to  (iod  with  mnch  fei'voi'  to  pardon 
her  sins.      She  then   listened  very  voluntarily   to  the  instruc- 
tions 1  aave  her,  and  prepared  to  re./eive  liapt.ism.      All.  it  is 
true,  are  not  so  completely  slaves  of  human  res|)cct.     *  >ne  ol 
the  saehems   of  the  town   called  me   to  say  :   "  lleiv  are  mv 
nieee  and    Li'i'and-dauuiiter.  who  can    do  no   more,  tliev    have 
lingered  long.      Tell  them  clearly,  all  ahout  the  prayer,  so  a> 
to  pre[)are  them  as  well  as  you  can  to  l)(X'ome.  Christians. 

[  should  regret  it  deeply,  if  this  old  num.  wdio  is  not  yet 
baptized,  should  himself  lo.se  the  grace,  which  two  <>[  his 
daughters,  his  nieee  ami  grand  niece  have  I'eceived  this  year  ; 
and  which,  we  have  grounds  to  believe,  they  carried  unsul- 
lied to  heaven,  for  they  died  .soon  after  baptism. 

Traveling  one  day  with  a  man  who  was  i-eturning  from  a 
war  party,  iis  L  eonversed  with  him  on  |-cligion  and  the  my>- 


85 


n  ;  liur 
i.-f  wliu 
fol'  tins 
liiiii  ti'ii 
laiiy  tif 
(•!ki|i(.'1. 
<l  I'rtiy. 
(■  Li'ricN  • 
r  ill  licr 
Iluniaii 

T   l'(.MIR'- 

'  easily 
•  misery 
as   !i(';ir 

1  iinHt 
AVI'  cml. 
iii\'  way 
icr  luis- 

iilieiK'il 
1  panl'Mi 

instl'ile- 
All.  it  is 

One  of 

arc  iiiv 
.'V  have 
iT.  sti  as 
tians." 

lint  yet 
(>  !.)[  liis 
lis  year  : 

'll    llllSlll- 

iS  IVdiii  a 
tlie  iiivs- 


t-nos   of  faiih,  Ik.   rdatcl   to   me  tiut  of  the  ehi,.f.  ,,i 

their  army,  hohlhin-  <,„„K.il  near  th(>  eiiemv's  eonntrv,  ha,| 
sahl  that  they  must -o  fearlessly  into  a<-ti,.i).  '  -  For  mv' nirl  ■■ 

'' ">""""'l-    "I  nil,  far  from    ,.|,lerlaii:in.-  anv    h'ar-    fori 

l<n..wlhat  .lothiii-  happens   lo  „s.  exeept  l,v  the  permis<„,n 
"I    Inniwhoisin  heaven,  whom  1  a.lore  ami  whom  I  mvoke 

siiHv  I    eml,raee,l    I'll rist .ai.ity.-      W ,1    th;,l  all    po>se.se,| 

'li"-:HMeeo„ra,^e.  aii.l  eoiiM  riseal„,ve  Immai,  nspeet 
,''■"'"""   •'^l"-''-^'l""  pleasure   wliieh  I    h.|,  o .,,„.■  an 

';'''  •"^'"  "I"'  l''"""'''M  a  Christian  lor  several  veaix  aiHi  who 

'''"'■"    '""    '"''""-    I"   'I"'  ' iitry.      -Ah.-   he    saiil    ■■  When 

will  It  hemv    happiness  1,,  remove  to  the  e,,nntrvof   Kai,I, 
;'  =  """-    ""■    "''■'■'H'h.  ami    live    no    |,,n^er  where  do,]    h    i„  ' 


Hot 


^nownan.I  where  lie,ssoof,enoiren,|e,l?  How  happv -honhl 
I  live  ami  .lierimon,  mv  I'lvihren,  the  ( 'hristians  of  Onehee 
'"•'"  '"l"''''!'''"  laMa.,h.|aineV  If  land  mv  lamilv  )lo  not 
^-•on  leave  this  eonmrv.  mv  son.  my  .Taial-,ia,„h,er  an,l  mv 
^^■";'  ;^-'"  '"--^l—'l  to  lose  ihelaith  am,,)  ,l„s  inhdeluv 
^'"''  ''"''^"H-herv,  wheiva>  if  tliev  liveil  anion, ■  ChriMi'ins" 
;IhT  w.H.M  I,,.., ve.ll,vlo||,.w,n,iheire,„„l  ,,„,,-.  '  „; 

nas  aeeonlin^ly  re>olve,|.  eosi  what  It  will,  to  set  out  a  month 
'"'"<•"  t"   >vs,deat(..iiehee.      Ilewilino,    ae, ,„|,.sh  ,,    with- 

•■nt^reat  roil  and  diliienltv.  <  iod  has  his  predestined  everv- 
where;  hut  this  oo..,!  .,,,,,!,,,, I,  ^,,,,,^.,.^^,,,,j,^^,_.^^,^^^^_^^^^^^^ 

"  "-'11  1-  l"i-  lervent  and  zealons  missionaries,  win.  ,.on',e 
iH^iy  .eten  to  eiihivate  ,|iis  nn^ratefnl  and  sterile  land  -o 
make  llie  seed  yield  a  hundred  h.ld. 

^    Of  the    nnmher,.f  these    j.redestined.   are   espeeiallv    the 
HUle<.hildreii,  whom    we  endeavor  never  to  allow  to  die  i,n- 
'apti/ed.      1  have  ..onferred  it.  on  a  -ivat   iinml„.r  this  vear 
I'-ni-teeii  of  them  died  after  reeeiving  it.      As  ihev  arc  our 
•■surest  gam,  they  are  aL«)  our  greatest  eoiisoliition 

Tlie  following  e.xtraet.s  eml.raeo  all  that  is  conta'ine<l  in  the 
l^elatioiiseoneerning  the  Seiieea  Mis.sious  from  107;:!  to  1(J7«)- 


8fi 

UELATION  1()74. 
"If  Katlier  Curlioil  does  not  siiuctify  liiniM'lf  ns  tnu<:h  as 
he  acsircs,  it  is  ccrtaii:  that  he  (1<k;s  so,  as  do  Fathers  (hiruier 
•ui.l  llatrei.v  in  the  towns  of  Sene.^a,  \v].ich  are  the  rnosc 
ivn.oto  from  us,  and  also  apparently  from  th<>  Kaith.  How- 
ever these  two  brave  missionaries  make  many  cnqnests 
from  the  enemy.  Katlier  Pierron  has  -one  to  join  them  to 
take  care  of  a  large  town,  wliieh  we  have  not  been  able 
hitherto  to  provide." 

KKLATION     1(175,     MISSION     AMONCx    THE     IROQUOIS,     CALLED 
SONNONTOUANS. 

Fathers  Pierron,  RatTeix  and  Gamier,  who  labor  in  three 
different  towns,  are,  so  to  say,  oblige.!  to  carry  their  lives  m 
their  hands  at  all  times,  for  they  are  in  almost  habitual  dan- 
ger of  being  massacred  by  those  savages. 
°  In    fact,  since  the  Senecas    entirely  defeated  the  Andas- 
to'uies  who  were  their  ancient  and  most  formidable  ene;uies. 
their  ii.solence  knows  no  bounds.     They  talk  o.dy  of  renew- 
ing- thewM-  against  our  allies,  and  even  against  the  brench. 
and  bcinning  by  the  destruction  of  Fort  Catarokoui.     They 
not  lomr  since  resolved  to  tomahawk  Father  (iarmei.  treat- 
in.r  hitn  as  a  sorcerer.      T^iey    had   not  only  selceU'd.   but 
oven  paid  the    man  who    was  to  strike  the  blow,  and    we 
should  no  longer  possess  this  missionary  had  not  God  pre- 
served him  bv  a  most  .i  ip  iku  Providence.      All  these  msnlts 
do  not  prevent  the  Fatiier-   '-om  performmLT  their  i'liu-t.ons 
boldly,  civing  instruction  in  their  cabin  and  chapels,  where 
thcy'h'a've  bapti/..Ml  more  than   a  hundred   persons  within   a 
year  and  tliev  lin.l  that  lifty,  children  and  adults,  die  every 
year!  after  baptism.     However,  if  these  savages  take  up  arm.s 
;,oainst  us,  as  thcv  threaten,  our  missions  are  in  great  dan- 
ger, either  of  being  ruined  or  at  least  interrupted,  as  long  as 
the  war  lasts. 


:nu(;li  as 

(laruier 

he   rnosc 

.     llovv- 

tlu'iii  to 
.'cii    able 

CALLED 

ill  three 
r  hves  in 
tual  (lan- 

c  Aiulas- 
ioneiaios. 
i)f  ronow- 
j  Kreiieh. 
li.     They 
liei,  treat- 
jcUmI,   hut 
,  !it\il    wo 
(j<)(l  pre- 
ese  insults 
t''iurtioiis 
leis.  wlicre 
*  within  a 
,  (lie  every 
ic  n\)  arms 
great  chin- 
as lonu'  as 


87 

UELATIOX    l()70-7. 

The  upper  Iroquois,  that  is  to  say.  those  whose  Ian. Is  are 
most  reinot>-  fnnu  the  French  settlena.Tits,  espeeiallv  the 
Seneeas  and  Cayugas.  are  the  most  haughty  and  insolent  of 
all.  They  go  so  far  as  to  pursue  the  nii.ssionaries  tomahawk 
ni  iiaud,  pelt  them  with  stones,  demolish  their  chapels  and 
thou- little  oabin.s,  licupmg  on  them  a  thou.sand  other  kinds 
of  gro.ss  ill  treatment. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  *  .»  -x. 

1  ean  diaw  nothing  else  from  the  letters  of  Fathers  de 
Carhoil,  Pierron,  KafToix  and  Gamier,  who  are  among  the 
upper  Irocjuois ;  their  greatest  and  almost  sole  occupation  is 
U)  surter,  and  so  to  say,  die  each  moment,  under  the  blow  of 
continual  throats  and  insults  which  these  savages  necessarily 
breathe  against  them,  hi  spite  of  all  tlii;",  they  liave  not 
neglected  to  wrest  many  souls  from  hell.  For  his  part. 
Father  Pierron  has  baptized  since  a  year  ago,  ninety  of  these 
Indians,  almost  all  children,  of  whom  liftv  died  after  baptism. 

*  *         *         *         *         *      "  *         *         * 

In  one  town  of  the  Seneca.s,  where  FatherGarnier  is,  there 
have  died  within  a  year  forty  children  and  forty  adults,  bap- 
timl.  As  for  Father  Kallei.x,  who  is  in  another  town  of  the 
Seneca.s.  he  rej.orts  that  ho  jM-ofited  well  by  a  pulmonary 
disor(U;r  with  wliicli  God  has  chastised  those  savage  inhabi- 
tants, and  which  carried  oil"  in  a  month  sixty  small  children. 
"I  have  not  sinired  myself  in  order  to  be  able  to  obtain  the 
grace  of  baptism  for  them,  as  well  as  for  tho.so  adults  whom 
God  made  known  to  be  Jlis  in  the  course  of  this  fatal 
malady."' 

KELATIOX    l()77-8. 

Further  on.  [-'athors  Ralleix  an.l  (iarnier,  who  an;  at  Son- 
nontoua!:,  an.l  where  the  danger  is  greatest  (because  it  is  the 
nation  which   more  especially  desires    war)  have  conferred 


8» 


,,„,,„„.  ,i„s  vcar  bai-lisin  -n  two  huiulr.Ml  niul  Uvrlve.  lunon:^' 
■.•h.>„.  llirreare  u.oro  than  sevcHy  chiMreu,  a  luut  ..I  Nvh.m. 
have  -c-n."  to  iucreaso  tlie  cliuivli  triumi.haiit. 


i,.,,,,n'  rvidcntly  svas  rocalliMl  in  KuT,  and  KatluT 
■,.avinL;-    Father     -Inhan    <iarinri" 


Father  1' 
UillToix'  some    \H'ars   hitcr 

writinu-   to  SiegMihiy,  .Inlv  S,   H>54,  sa\.- 


aloiic. 


DeMeul 


Father  (iarniei-,  a 


.lesuil,  who  was  a   i 


iiissiuiuiry  to  the  suiil 


,  Kath.v  .loMS  lMKr.....N  -•  nn.  to  V.u,uU  .lunc  i'^h.  UK.  from  11...  I  rov.nrv  of      . 
'  1  , 1«>1S  wl,..n  Kath..,-  I'-RMMin  was  son  to  tlu-  S..n.Mas.  hr  was  mh-.t.,  .■(! 

„„.,„.,  l.,an,M-      '''''''7:'':''  ',.,„,,,,,      ,„  „ir...  wliiU.  iM  attoulat.o.  at  a  .ouiuM,  « 

m„„j.  wl„c  I    ,1  K,,t»         .i.TliUT.l  that  !,.■  <o„M  „..  l.»,i:o-  c.inlinui.  ,„  a  pla..' 

,,,,,,.,,H.t...-,.iss,..ao;.^-^^  "■   "-'•  ■"">  '-"'" 

:!";";        :m   ;  ,•      l.^,ue  «     .a„y  o..a  o.s,o„.s.  „o,.  ti,dr  «t.a..,„„>.„t  to  fa.„.s, 

iun         a     -      '     .      -"I'l"'"  ^■a.U-..'i-l.erto  th.  v..ic.  of  Il..avo,  o,-  that  ot 

„,  ,!,.•  A„tl,..r  .)f  Uf''  .  t  >..l   m.  l,u,,  ,,i,„ii.|,..a      (iara...„,ti...  tl,..()„o„.la.-'a. 

U,,as,,p,.,.s,itionsa„,li„.le.-..n,,la,u^..ss^ouU...t    l^^l.  a  ^  ,^  ^^^__^.^  _^^ 

rc„tl..r...l  ■■mri.M,.  aUl  in   sc..u,-,ni.' t  >,s  "^  "''■,'*    ,,,„,„(,,  ,,f  ,„al,li.l,i„u  la.lian 
„„,„d  .1>.   F,-..„.-l,  on  .1-  cast.  a...l  --'";;;     ^^^U         .  i.^  ft-n  N.w  K„.la„,l 

'"""■""":'  ""."";:,:.•         I    m   »«,>.     I.n..e  fo,iowi„«  year   .,e^v..s  at   Is,.. 

HKO     H..  ai..,l  at  (in.l,....  i»  IT-,'-),  l-rok-n  <low„  w,tl,  vrars  an.l  lotl. 

K  M  .r  1.-,  ,.s  .iAKN.KU,  wan  „ora  at  f..,„...ral  i„  tl,.  ..iocs.  ..f  Ma„s.  al,o„t  1.  .  . 

\  ;      ,  w  r  .     tt  celei.rat...l  H.„o,lio,i„..  U«r„i.r.     He  oa.n..  t..  Cat.a.la,  w„l,. 

""'    ""',    ,  ,  Oc     h.^Uita  a„.l,  after  .eael,i„^  so,„e  years.  e,.„,plete,l  l„s  M„,l,e. 

,t,llascholasl,c.   ntktol,  ,  1  ,~.a,,  ^-ui,  M.eoes^  l.is  linal  exaiim.ati..,,  in 

S^ue  r  s ;::  ^e";. ;;!  :;:::o.i::a;::r,a„„re.  a,  o„ei.>a.  o,. ..ana ... 

:.::•';;;;...«.,.  ■.et,.r...... ate  as  nt.  ana  a^ 

i:;;;;  -;:;;'r;;;:  L:r  o^^:!::::;;  s:;::;;:r;;- .y  of  i,is  .a.  a.,a  a„s...ri,y. 


89 


of  whom 


,11(1  Katlui- 
:  (iariiii'i' 
i;84,  says  : 
lo  the  saiil 

vinif  ol  Cliaiu- 
wiiK  MHi'i'tKled 

■  III  a  iDuncil,  a 
erstiliou^  I'l'i'''- 

.'lll    it  I'XpiMllfllt 

iniif  in  a  plai'f 
cr  of  111''  tri'Ut- 
liaviiii;  iiiMiltoil 
1  :ii  l\u-  iiidispii- 
I'lii,  and  addi'd 
iiufiit  to  fal>U>s. 
*  Id^iiii:  lii^  time 
.■avcii  <ir  tliut  iif 
iod.  Tills  «avr 
iumI  tlial  llii'iici'- 
I'll  a  rtoii'.'iiitidii 

■  tlu'  t'tck  ;  and 

■  .  tlii'Onondaua. 
cd  ill  Acadia  li> 
alilifliiii;;  Indian 
m  Ni'w  Eii'^laiid 
IS  sent  to  liandii- 
■opc  ill  UmS.    Sit 

■pt.  iM  llewai- 
Iks  ill  \'J'>'>  •  was 

■  lio  w  IS  at  Isle 
and  honccas  till 


SciHvas,  after  lH'iii,<rinfon,i,.,|   s.vivilv  .-f  intnitinn   i,,  „,:,k,. 

war.  . ■<,,,, „.,1    in  t,h,.  sai.l  l.ar.|ii<'  {. Inult  l,v   tlic  (lovcnmr 

t.-  tra.l.'ou  Lake  Oiilari..),  which  wa~-  anrliuiv,!  m  ;,  Iml,. 
riwrscv.'ii  h«a-u,"s  I'n.in  their  vilhuv,  aih!  whciv  ail  ilir  In,. 
qiiMJ^  iisei]  to  funic  tn  trade."  |  N.  V.  (,',,].  |),„.,  \\  ,,  ^-jii  l 
III  Noveiuhrr  171)2,  Mr.  De  ( 'ninens  ,,,n„„ii„v,|  ih,,i  K^^lier 
(ianiier  and  Fallier  Vaillant'  had  -mie  to  the  Seiieeas,  ae- 
<'"»ipanied  hy  Capt.ain  I),.  .Marie,.iirt,  ;ii,d  some  Freiieh  men 
to  arrange  their  estaMishnient.  |il,.  ,,  T;-;.  |  (i;,,„i,,.  ;,,m1 
\  aillaiit  musl  have  left  s i  afi,.,-,  as  (iarnier  w;is  sent  hark- 
in  170;],  (il).  7o():)aiid  Vailkmt  in  17ol.  lih.  |,.  7(;l>.)  'I'here 
was  a  mi.s.sionary  as  kite  a.s  17U(),  ^h.  |i.  77r,.) 

I  Kailn.r  Fran...  Va>u.,vnt  i.k  Cksms.  ran,,.  ,.,  r,„„.,ia  as  a  stud..,,  in  ,.i:„   ,0- 
..■ivcdlioly  orders  at  qurh^;  I),.,.,.„il.,.r  ,s,,  ir,r.-,.  a.x-onlin^-  U,  ,h. /.i.',.  a,ro„„/„„;,,.„ 

and  r,,da..d  Fatli,.- liniyas  ,.  Mi.si„„„r,  „,  Tio„no„,o„„.„  „..,„.  ,.,..,„  c;a „uX 

.n  Vux  II,.  was  r..-,d,.,it  anions;  tliv  Mohawks  in  Pis:.,  and  accon.panlod  DoionOlii.'s 
rM.|d,tn.n  at-amsi  ,l„.  s,,K.,.as  in  Kisr,  and  in  th.  l.c^innin- of  Hi-H  vi>i(..,l  AM.anva, 
•Anilias^ador  lo  (iov.rnor  Donj^an  on  lli.  part  of  tin.  Canadian  CJovmnneni,  on  uhich 
o,-ras,o„  IR.  aninitt.d  l,inis..ir  willi  al,il>ly.-.V,  „■  )•„,<■  ro,n.ril  Min„U,.  V.  311  At  tl,„ 
oonHnsion  of  this  n.,o,ia,io„  li..  pro,.....U.d  to  Catararoiiy.  iprosm,  Kingston. '..srortnl 

hytuo  Indians,  who  wct.  s,.„t  by  (iov.rnor  Don,.,,,  to  prm-.n,  ,  havintj  any  Inter 

oonrso  with  t  e  Moliawks,  1,|.  f.,r,„,.r  llo.K.  The  l.reakin.  on,  of  Kin.  WMIian.'  war 
"•""I"'  al.andonnient  of  Kort  Cataiaeony,  diove  him  bark  l„  Cana.la,  bnl  after  the 
peace  he  was  sent  in  r.„y.l  with  Father  (iarnier  ,m,  a  mission  lo  the  Senecas,  bv  whom 

(^  was  depmeil  Ml  UUi  to  (Mvernor  Vamlienil  to  demand  satisfaction  for  „  v  olat o 

.1(0  Ireatyon  the  part  of  the  Ottaw.is.  „e  returned  immediately  to  the  Se  ,e  „. 
conribnted  to  thwart  the  etforts  of  Col.  Schnylerat  Ononda.a    who  soi,,d,  re 

.n,  le  I.,ve  Nations  to  expel  the  French  tnissionaries.- fharlevoix  H,  S<J.J  .■..„„ 
Vaillan  was  succeeded  in  imr  in  the  Seneca  Mission  by  the  Rev.  Father  d  ileu  a  d 
rctnrned  to  France  In  in.-,,-OTulhm'lian,  N.  Y.,  Col   nis,„ry  IX   W 


Mans,  about  MM. 
to  Canada,  while 
lileted  Ins  studies. 
i\  exaniiiialioii  in 
lonihiL'a  and  Sen- 
liniary,  ITHO.  He 
rtho  derived  from 
nsteriiy. 


o- 


A. 


LBFe'lO 


1^<iJ 


0^*1  < 


EARLY   CHAPTERS 


:)F 


SENECA  HISTOPvY. 


1656— 1684. 


i 


